Lynyrd Skynyrd
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| Lynyrd Skynyrd | |
|---|---|
 Lynyrd Skynyrd in concert, 2008 | |
| Background information | |
| Also known as | Skynyrd |
| Origin | Jacksonville, Florida, USA |
| Genres | Southern rock, hard rock, boogie rock, blues-rock |
| Years active | 1964–1977 1987–present |
| Labels | MCA, Atlantic, Capricorn, SPV Records, CMC International, Sanctuary, Universal, Roadrunner Records/Loud & Proud |
| Associated acts | .38 Special, Van Zant, Rossington Collins Band, Allen Collins Band, The Rossington Band, Outlaws |
| Website | LynyrdSkynyrd.com |
| Members | |
| Gary Rossington Rickey Medlocke Johnny Van Zant Michael Cartellone Mark Matejka Robert Kearns Peter Keys | |
| Past members | |
| Larry Junstrom Ronnie Van Zant (deceased) Allen Collins (deceased) Greg T. Walker Bob Burns Steve Gaines (deceased) Artimus Pyle Randall Hall Ed King Leon Wilkeson (deceased) Billy Powell (deceased) Kurt Custer Mike Estes Owen Hale Hughie Thomasson (deceased) Jeff McAllister Kenny Aronoff Ean Evans (deceased) also see: List of Lynyrd Skynyrd band members | |
Contents[show] |
[edit] History
[edit] Early years
In the summer of 1964, teenage friends Ronnie Van Zant, Allen Collins, and Gary Rossington, formed the band "The Noble Five", which then changed in 1965 to "My Backyard", when Larry Junstrom and Bob Burns joined in Jacksonville, Florida. Their early influences included British Invasion bands such as Free, The Yardbirds, The Rolling Stones, and The Beatles, as well as Southern blues and country & western music Allman Brothers.[citation needed] In 1968, the group won a local Battle of the Bands contest and the opening slot on several Southeast shows for the California-based psychedelic rock band Strawberry Alarm Clock.[citation needed]In 1970, Van Zant sought a new name. "One Percent" and "The Noble Five" were each considered before the group settled on "Leonard Skinnerd", a mocking tribute to a physical-education teacher at Robert E. Lee High School, Leonard Skinner,[4] who was notorious for strictly enforcing the school's policy against boys' having long hair.[5][6] The more distinctive spelling was adopted before they released their first album. Note that almost no Southern accent distinguishes between /ɛ/ and /ɪ/ before nasals, so the pronunciation of Leonard Skinner's name would have been /ˌlɪnərd ˈskɪnər/, which is why the 'distinctive' spelling of the name would have made sense to the band members. Despite their high-school acrimony, the band developed a friendlier relationship with Skinner in later years, and invited him to introduce them at a concert in the Jacksonville Memorial Coliseum.[7]
Skinner allowed the band to use a photo of his Leonard Skinner Realty sign for the inside of their third album.[8] Skinner died on September 20, 2010, at age 77 after a battle with Alzheimer's disease.[9]
In 1970, the band auditioned for Alan Walden, who would later become their manager on the newly formed Hustler's Inc. Walden worked with the band until 1974, when management was turned over to Pete Rudge. The band continued to perform throughout the South in the early 1970s, further developing their hard-driving, blues-rock sound and image, and experimenting with making studio recordings.
During this time, they went through a number of member changes, with Van Zant, Collins and Rossington remaining the only constants. Burns and Junstrom left the band, and were briefly replaced by Rickey Medlocke on drums and Greg Walker on bass. In 1971, with this lineup, they made some recordings at the famous Muscle Shoals Sound Studio. By the time they made a second round of Muscle Shoals recordings in 1972, Burns had rejoined the band and Leon Wilkeson had become Larry Junstrom's permanent replacement on bass, with Medlocke and Walker having left to play with the southern rock band Blackfoot. Around this time, the band occasionally played shows with both Burns and Medlocke participating, utilizing a dual-drummer approach similar to that of The Allman Brothers. Also in 1972, roadie Billy Powell became the keyboardist for the band.
[edit] Peak years (1973–1977)
In 1972 the band was discovered by musician, songwriter, and producer Al Kooper of Blood, Sweat, and Tears, who had attended one of their shows at a club in Atlanta. They changed the spelling of their name to "Lynyrd Skynyrd",[10] and Kooper signed them to MCA Records, producing their first album (Pronounced 'Lĕh-'nérd 'Skin-'nérd). Leon Wilkeson left just before the band was to record the album (Wilkeson rejoined the band shortly thereafter at Van Zant's invitation and is pictured on the album cover).[citation needed] Strawberry Alarm Clock guitarist Ed King joined the band and played Wilkeson's parts on the album, along with some guitar. King switched to guitar after the album's release, allowing the band to replicate the three-guitar mix used in the studio. Released August 13, 1973,[11] the album featured the hit song "Free Bird", which received national airplay, eventually reaching #19 on the Billboard Hot 100 charts, and is still considered a rock and roll anthem today.
In January 1975, Burns left the band and was replaced by Kentucky native Artimus Pyle on drums. Lynyrd Skynyrd's third album, Nuthin' Fancy, was released the same year. The album had lower sales than its predecessor, and Kooper was eventually fired. Midway through the tour, Ed King left the band, citing tour exhaustion. In January 1976, backup singers Leslie Hawkins, Cassie Gaines and JoJo Billingsley (collectively known as The Honkettes) were added to the band, although they were not considered official members. Lynyrd Skynyrd's fourth album Gimme Back My Bullets was released in the new year, but did not achieve the same success as the previous two albums. Van Zant and Collins both felt that the band was seriously missing the three-guitar attack that had been one of its early hallmarks. Although Skynyrd auditioned several guitarists, including such high-profile names as Leslie West, the solution was closer than they realized.
Soon after joining Skynyrd, Cassie Gaines began touting the guitar and songwriting prowess of her younger brother, Steve. The junior Gaines, who led his own band, Crawdad (which occasionally would perform Skynyrd's "Saturday Night Special" in their set), was invited to audition onstage with Skynyrd at a concert in Kansas City on May 11, 1976. Liking what they heard, the group also jammed informally with the Oklahoma native several times, then invited him into the group in June. With Gaines on board, the newly-reconstituted band recorded the double-live album One More From the Road at the Fox Theatre (Atlanta, Georgia) in Atlanta, and performed at the Knebworth festival, which also featured The Rolling Stones.
Both Collins and Rossington had serious car accidents over Labor Day weekend in 1976 which slowed the recording of the follow-up album and forced the band to cancel some concert dates. Rossington's accident inspired the ominous "That Smell" – a cautionary tale about drug abuse that was clearly aimed towards him and at least one other band member. Rossington has admitted repeatedly that he was the "Prince Charming" of the song who crashed his car into an oak tree while drunk and stoned on Quaaludes. Van Zant, at least, was making a serious attempt to clean up his act and curtail the cycle of boozed-up brawling that was part of Skynyrd's reputation.
1977's Street Survivors turned out to be a showcase for guitarist/vocalist Steve Gaines, who had joined the band just a year earlier and was making his studio debut with them. Publicly and privately, Ronnie Van Zant marveled at the multiple talents of Skynyrd's newest member, claiming that the band would "all be in his shadow one day." Gaines' contributions included his co-lead vocal with Van Zant on the co-written "You Got That Right" and the rousing guitar boogie "I Know A Little" which he had written before he joined Skynyrd. So confident was Skynyrd's leader of Gaines' abilities that the album (and some concerts) featured Gaines delivering his self-penned bluesy "Ain't No Good Life" – the only song in the pre-crash Skynyrd catalog to feature a lead vocalist other than Ronnie Van Zant. The album also included the hit singles "What's Your Name" and "That Smell". The band was poised for their biggest tour yet, with shows always highlighted by the iconic rock anthem "Free Bird".[13] In November, the band was scheduled to fulfill Van Zant's lifelong dream of headlining New York's Madison Square Garden.
[edit] Plane crash (1977)
Main article: 1977 Convair 240 crash
On October 20, 1977, just three days after the release of Street Survivors, and five shows into their most successful headlining tour to date, Lynyrd Skynyrd's chartered Convair 240 ran out of fuel near the end of their flight from Greenville, South Carolina, where they had just performed at the Greenville Memorial Auditorium, to LSU in Baton Rouge, Louisiana. Though the pilots attempted an emergency landing on a small airstrip, the plane crashed in a forest in Gillsburg, Mississippi.[14] Ronnie Van Zant, Steve Gaines, Cassie Gaines, assistant road manager Dean Kilpatrick, pilot Walter McCreary and co-pilot William Gray were all killed on impact; the other bandmembers suffered serious injuries.Following the crash and the ensuing press, Street Survivors became the band's second platinum album and reached #5 on the U.S. album chart. The single "What's Your Name" reached #13 on the single airplay charts in January 1978.
The original cover sleeve for Street Survivors had featured a photograph of the band, particularly Steve Gaines, engulfed in flames. Out of respect for the deceased (and at the request of Teresa Gaines, Steve's widow), MCA Records withdrew the original cover and replaced it with a similar image of the band against a simple black background .[15] Thirty years later, for the deluxe CD version of Street Survivors, the original "flames" cover was restored.
Lynyrd Skynyrd disbanded after the tragedy, reuniting just once to perform an instrumental version of "Free Bird" at Charlie Daniels' Volunteer Jam V in January 1979. Collins, Rossington, Powell and Pyle performed the song with Charlie Daniels and members of his band. Leon Wilkeson, who was still undergoing physical therapy for his badly broken left arm, was in attendance, along with Judy Van Zant, Teresa Gaines, JoJo Billingsley and Leslie Hawkins.
[edit] Hiatus (1977–1987)
Rossington, Collins, Wilkeson and Powell formed The Rossington-Collins Band, which released two albums between 1980 and 1982. Deliberately avoiding comparisons with Ronnie Van Zant as well as suggestions that this band was Lynyrd Skynyrd reborn, Rossington and Collins chose a woman, Dale Krantz, as lead vocalist. However, as an acknowledgment of their past, the band's concert encore would always be an instrumental version of "Free Bird". Rossington and Collins eventually had a falling out over the affections of Dale Krantz, whom Rossington married and with whom he formed the Rossington Band, which released two albums in the late 1980s and opened for the Lynyrd Skynyrd Tribute Tour in 1987–1988.The other former members of Lynyrd Skynyrd continued to make music during the hiatus era. Billy Powell played keyboards in a Christian Rock band named Vision, touring with established Christian rocker Mylon LeFevre (who, like Skynyrd, had once opened for The Who). During Vision concerts, Powell's trademark keyboard talent was often spotlighted and he spoke about his conversion to Christianity after the near-fatal plane crash. Pyle formed The Artimus Pyle Band in 1982, which occasionally featured former Honkettes JoJo Billingsley and Leslie Hawkins.
In 1980, Allen Collins's wife Kathy died of a massive hemorrhage while miscarrying their third child. He formed the Allen Collins Band in 1983 from the remnants of the Rossington-Collins Band, releasing one tepidly-received album, but many around him believed that the guitarist's heart just wasn't in it anymore. Most point to his wife's death as the moment that Collins' life began to spin out of control; he spent several years bingeing on drugs and alcohol. In 1986, Collins crashed his car while driving drunk near his home in Jacksonville, killing his girlfriend and leaving him permanently paralyzed from the chest down. Collins eventually pled no contest to DUI manslaughter, but was not given a prison sentence since his injuries made it obvious that he would never drive or be a danger to society again.
[edit] Return (1987–present)
In 1987, Lynyrd Skynyrd reunited for a full-scale tour with five major members of the pre-crash band: crash survivors Gary Rossington, Billy Powell, Leon Wilkeson and Artimus Pyle, along with guitarist Ed King, who had left the band two years before the crash. Ronnie Van Zant's younger brother, Johnny, took over as the new lead singer and primary songwriter. Due to Collins' paralysis from the 1986 car accident, he was only able to participate as the musical director, choosing Randall Hall, his former bandmate in the Allen Collins Band, as his stand-in. As part of his plea deal, Collins would be wheeled out onstage each night to explain to the audience why he could no longer perform (usually before the performance of "That Smell", which had been partially directed at him). Collins was stricken with pneumonia in 1989 and died on January 23, 1990.The reunited band was meant to be a one-time tribute to the original lineup, captured on the double-live album Southern By The Grace Of God/Lynyrd Skynyrd Tribute Tour 1987. The fact that the band chose to continue after the 1987 tribute tour caused legal problems for the survivors, as Judy Van Zant Jenness and Teresa Gaines Rapp (widows of Ronnie and Steve, respectively) sued the others for violating an agreement made shortly after the plane crash, stating that they would not "exploit" the Skynyrd name for profit. As part of the settlement, Jenness and Rapp collect nearly 30% of the band's touring revenues (representing the shares their husbands would have earned had they lived), and hold a proviso which forces any band touring as "Lynyrd Skynyrd" to include at least two from among Gary Rossington, Artimus Pyle, Leon Wilkeson, Billy Powell and Ed King. King is no longer able to tour due to a heart condition (which caused him to leave Skynyrd a second time in 1996), Pyle has had legal problems and fell out with Rossington and Johnny Van Zant, and Wilkeson and Powell are now dead. This leaves Gary Rossington as the sole member of the designated group still in the band.
The reconstituted Lynyrd Skynyrd has gone through a large number of lineup changes and continues to record and tour today. One by one, the members of the pre-crash band have left, been forced out, or have died. Artimus Pyle left the band in 1991 and his place has been taken by a variety of drummers since, with Michael Cartellone finally becoming his permanent replacement. Randall Hall was replaced by Mike Estes in 1993. Ed King had to take a break from touring in 1996. In his absence, he was replaced by Hughie Thomasson. King has stated that his break from the band was to be temporary, but the band did not let him rejoin after he recovered[citation needed]. At the same time, Mike Estes was replaced by Rickey Medlocke, who had briefly played drums with the band in the early 1970s. Leon Wilkeson, Skynyrd's bassist since 1972, was found dead in his hotel room on July 27, 2001; his death was found to be due to emphysema and chronic liver disease. He was replaced in 2001 by Ean Evans. The remaining members released a double album called Thyrty which had songs from the original line up to the present. Lynyrd Skynyrd also released a live DVD of their Vicious Cycle Tour and on June 22, 2004, Lynyrd Skynyrd released the album Lyve: The Vicious Cycle Tour. On December 10, 2004, Lynyrd Skynyrd did a show for CMT, Crossroads, a concert featuring country duo Montgomery Gentry and other genres of music. In the beginning of 2005 Hughie Thomasson left the band to reform his disbanded Southern Rock band Outlaws. Thomasson died in his sleep on September 9, 2007 of an apparent heart attack in his home in Brooksville, Florida. He was 55 years old.
On February 5, 2005, Lynyrd Skynyrd did a Super Bowl party back in Jacksonville with special guests 3 Doors Down, Jo Dee Messina, Charlie Daniels and Ronnie and Johnny Van Zant's brother Donnie Van Zant of 38 Special. On February 13 of that year Lynyrd Skynyrd did a tribute to Southern Rock on the Grammy Awards with Gretchen Wilson, Tim McGraw, Keith Urban and Dickey Betts. On May 10, 2005, Johnny and Donnie Van Zant released a country album called Get Right with the Man which featured the hit single "Help Somebody". In the summer of 2005, lead singer Johnny Van Zant had to have surgery on his vocal cord to have a polyp removed. He was told not to sing for three months. On September 10, 2005, Lynyrd Skynyrd performed without Johnny Van Zant at the Music Relief Concert for the victims of Hurricane Katrina, with Kid Rock standing in for Johnny. In December 2005, Johnny Van Zant returned to sing for Lynyrd Skynyrd. The band performed live at Freedom Hall in Louisville, Kentucky, as a part of their 2007 tour. The concert was recorded in high definition for HDNet and premiered on December 1, 2007.
On January 28, 2009, keyboardist Billy Powell died at age 56 at his home near Jacksonville, Florida. Powell called 911 at 12:55 a.m., complaining of shortness of breath. He had previously missed his doctor's appointment on the day before his death; the appointment was for a checkup on his heart. The EMS responders found Powell unconscious and unresponsive, with the telephone still in his hand. Rescue crews performed CPR, but he was pronounced dead at 1:52 a.m. Although a heart attack was suspected, and it was originally reported that an autopsy was to be performed, none in fact was ever done. Powell's death left Gary Rossington as the sole pre-crash member of the band, unless Rickey Medlocke's brief stint with the band in the early 1970s is counted.
On March 17, 2009, it was announced that Skynyrd had signed a worldwide deal with Roadrunner Records, in association with their label, Loud & Proud Records, and released their new album God & Guns on September 29 of that year. They toured Europe and the United States in 2009 with Peter Keys of the 420 Funk Mob on keyboards and Robert Kearns of The Bottle Rockets on bass (in place of Ean Evans, who died of cancer at age 48 on May 6, 2009, at his home in Columbus, Mississippi).[17] Scottish rock band Gun performed as special guests for the UK leg of Skynyrd's tour in 2010. [18]
In addition to the tour, Skynyrd appeared at the Sean Hannity Freedom Concert series in late 2010. Hannity had been actively promoting the God & Guns album, frequently playing portions of the track "That Ain't My America" on his radio show.
[edit] Recognition
[edit] Honors
In 2004, Rolling Stone magazine ranked the group #95 on their list of the 100 Greatest Artists of All Time.[19][20]On November 28, 2005, the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame announced that Lynyrd Skynyrd would be inducted alongside Black Sabbath, Blondie, Miles Davis, and the Sex Pistols. They were inducted in the Waldorf Astoria Hotel in Manhattan on March 13, 2006. Lynyrd Skynyrd had been nominated 7 times.
On March 13, 2006, Lynyrd Skynyrd was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame at the 21st annual induction ceremony. The inductees included Ronnie Van Zant, Allen Collins, Gary Rossington, Ed King, Steve Gaines, Billy Powell, Leon Wilkeson, Bob Burns, and Artimus Pyle (no post-crash members of the band were inducted, nor were any of the Honkettes). The current version of Skynyrd, augmented by King, Pyle, Burns and former Honkettes JoJo Billingsley and Leslie Hawkins, performed "Sweet Home Alabama" and "Free Bird" at the ceremony, which was also attended by Judy Van Zant Jenness and Ronnie's two daughters, Teresa Gaines Rapp and her daughter Corinna, Allen Collins' daughters, and Leon Wilkeson's mother and son.
In September 2010, Lynyrd Skynyrd was named #77 VH1's 100 Greatest Artist of All Time.
[edit] Tributes
- In 1994, various country music artists united to record a Skynyrd tribute album titled Skynyrd Frynds.
- Ronnie Van Zant's widow, Judy Van Zant Jenness, operates a Lynyrd Skynyrd tribute website for the educational purpose of sharing the original Lynyrd Skynyrd band's history,[21] as well as Freebird Live,[22] a live music venue in Jacksonville Beach, Florida.
- The Drive-By Truckers dedicated their album Southern Rock Opera to Lynyrd Skynyrd.[23]
- Progressive metal band Dream Theater pay tribute to Lynyrd Skynyrd on their live album Once in a LIVEtime, whereby the song "Take the Time" is modified to include the solo from "Free Bird".
- Kid Rock, who frequently performed with Skynyrd, samples the guitar lick from "Sweet Home Alabama" in his song "All Summer Long"; he mentions "Sweet Home Alabama" in the chorus of the song and even had Billy Powell duplicate his distinctive piano solo for the song's conclusion.
- Bo Bice, an avowed Skynyrd fan, performed with Skynyrd on American Idol and on several awards shows.
- There are also a few tribute bands all over the globe, paying tribute to Lynyrd Skynyrd only. The main bands are: the European "Leonard Skinner Band" located in Barcelona, Spain; "Poison Whiskey" in Rochester, NY, USA; and "Leotard Skynyrno" in Tokyo, Japan.
- The bands Shinedown and The Deftones covered the song "Simple Man".
- Metallica covered the song Tuesday's Gone as the 10th track from the first CD on their Garage Inc. album.
- Grey Ghost album by The Henry Paul Band was mostly a tribute to Skynyrd, especially the song Grey Ghost
[edit] Members
Main article: List of Lynyrd Skynyrd band members
- Current members
- Gary Rossington – guitars (1964–1977, 1987–present)
- Rickey Medlocke – drums (1970–1971), guitars, backing vocals ,(1996–present)
- Johnny Van Zant – lead vocals (1987–present)
- Michael Cartellone – drums (1999–present)
- Mark Matejka – guitars, backing vocals (2006–present)
- Robert Kearns – bass, backing vocals (2009–present)
- Peter Keys – keyboards (2009–present)
- Touring members
- Dale Krantz-Rossington – backing vocals (1987–present)
- Carol Chase – backing vocals (1987–present)
[edit] Discography
Main article: Lynyrd Skynyrd discography
[edit] Studio albums
| Year | Title | Certifications[24] | |||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1973 | (Pronounced 'Lĕh-'nérd 'Skin-'nérd) | 2x platinum (USA) | |||||||||||||||||
| 1974 | Second Helping | 2x platinum (USA) | |||||||||||||||||
| 1975 | Nuthin' Fancy | Platinum (USA) | |||||||||||||||||
| 1976 | Gimme Back My Bullets | Gold (USA) | |||||||||||||||||
| 1977 | Street Survivors | 2x platinum (USA) | |||||||||||||||||
| 1991 | Lynyrd Skynyrd 1991 | — | |||||||||||||||||
| 1993 | The Last Rebel | — | |||||||||||||||||
| 1994 | Endangered Species | — | |||||||||||||||||
| 1997 | Twenty | — | |||||||||||||||||
| 1999 | Edge of Forever | — | |||||||||||||||||
| 2003 | Vicious Cycle | — | |||||||||||||||||
| 2009 | God & Guns | — | |||||||||||||||||
| " — " denotes albums that weren't certified. | |||||||||||||||||||
[edit] In media and popular culture
The HBO series, The Sopranos, makes multiple links between mobster Vito Spatafore and Lynyrd Skynyrd's music. For example, in "The Telltale Moozadell", Vito advises Adriana she "should play Skynyrd" at her club and in "Cold Stones", Lynyrd Skynyrd's song, "Simple Man", plays in the background when Vito is talking on the phone. Vito's ultimate demise (in the latter episode) is foreshadowed by the title, "Dead Man Walkin' on the Vicious Cycle album. Other Skynyrd album titles that aptly describe Vito's lifestyle, choices and fate include: Edge of Forever, Endangered Species, Gimme Back My Bullets, God & Guns, and Second Helping. The film Con Air references the band. While the song Sweet Home Alabama is played onboard the hijacked plane, the character Garland, played by Steve Buscemi says, "Define irony. Bunch of idiots dancing on a plane to a song made famous by a band that died in a plane crash."[edit] References
- ^ Forvo Audio Pronunciation
- ^ This is not completely in line with the title of their first album, (pronounced 'lĕh-'nérd 'skin-'nérd), which would suggest that Lynyrd is to be pronounced the same as the name Leonard.
- ^ http://www.rockhall.com/inductees/inductee-list/
- ^ Honoring a namesake (5/1/09)
- ^ Robert E. Lee.
- ^ Band Name.
- ^ Namesake.
- ^ "Leonard Skinner, Rock Band Muse, Dies at 77". AP. September 21, 2010. Retrieved September 22, 2010.
- ^ http://today.msnbc.msn.com/id/39276125/ns/today-entertainment/
- ^ History Lessons.
- ^ Lynyrd Skynyrd Discography
- ^ Simmons, p. 135.
- ^ Freebird
- ^ Accident report, N55VM (10/20/77)
- ^ Check-Six 2007.
- ^ Kirkland 2008.
- ^ The Clarion-Ledger: Lynyrd Skynryd bassist dies in Columbus
- ^ http://www.gunofficial.co.uk
- ^ The Immortals.
- ^ The Originals.
- ^ Lynyrd Skynyrd History Official Website
- ^ FreeBird Live.
- ^ Hood.
- ^ U.S. Certifications.
[edit] Literature
- "Band Name Origins". Digital Dream Door. Retrieved October 18, 2008.
- Brant, Marley (2002). Freebirds: The Lynyrd Skynyrd Story. Billboard Books. p. 256. ISBN 0-8230-8321-7. Retrieved October 18, 2008.
- Check-Six (2007-05). "The 'Lynyrd Skynyrd' Crash". Retrieved July 5, 2008.
- Cox, Billy (June 2, 2006). "Skynyrd Namesake in Brevard". Florida Today. Retrieved July 15, 2007.
- Davis, Stephen (1997). Walk This Way: The Autobiography of Aerosmith. HarperCollins. p. 304. ISBN 0-380-97594-7. Retrieved October 18, 2008.
- "Freebird Live – Premier Live Concert Venue – Jacksonville Beach, FL – Home Page". Retrieved October 18, 2008.
- Hood, Patterson. "Drive-By Truckers – Southern Rock Opera – Writeup". Retrieved October 18, 2008.[dead link]
- Kirkland, Kay. (June 8, 2008). "111,000 jam at Bama Jam with Lynyrd Skynyrd, Hank Jr.". Southeast Sun. Retrieved July 7, 2008.
- "Robert E. Lee High School History".
- Odom, Gene, with Frank Dorman. Lynyrd Skynyrd: Remembering the Free Birds of Southern Rock. Broadway Books. ISBN 0767910265.
- Simmons, Sylvie (February 7, 2003). Neil Young: Reflections in Broken Glass. Canongate Books. p. 240. ISBN 1841953172. Retrieved May 10, 2008.
- "Skynyrd History Lessons – Name Changes and Ten Dollar Gigs". The Official Lynyrd Skynyrd History Website. Retrieved October 18, 2008.
- "The Immortals: The First Fifty". Rolling Stone Issue 946. Rolling Stone. Retrieved October 18, 2008.
- "The Original Lynyrd Skynyrd Band". Lynyrd Skynyrd History. Judy VanZant Jenness. Retrieved October 18, 2008.
- "U.S. Certifications". Recording Industry Association of America. Retrieved October 18, 2008.
- U.S. National Transportation Safety Board (June 19, 1978). "Aircraft Accident Report – L & J Company, Convair 240, N55VM, Gillsburg, Mississippi, October 20, 1977" (PDF). National Technical Information Service. pp. 27. Retrieved September 22, 2010.
[edit] External links
 | Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: Lynyrd Skynyrd |
 | Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Lynyrd Skynyrd |
- Official website
- Official discography on lynyrdskynyrd.com
- Soergel, Matt. "Leonard Skinner: Honoring a namesake," The Florida Times-Union (Jacksonville, FL), Wednesday, January 21, 2009.
- Soergel, Matt. "Leonard Skinner, Lynyrd Skynyrd inspiration, dies at 77," The Florida Times-Union (Jacksonville, FL), Monday, September 20, 2010.
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Categories: Musical groups established in 1964 | Musical groups disestablished in 1977 | Musical groups reestablished in 1987 | 1970s music groups | 1980s music groups | 1990s music groups | 2000s music groups | 2010s music groups | Southern rock musical groups | Rock music groups from Florida | Musical groups from Jacksonville, Florida | Rock and Roll Hall of Fame inductees | Atlantic Records artists | Musical septets
