Political scandals of the United States

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This article provides a list of political scandals of the United States.

Contents [show] 1 Scope and organization of political scandals 1.1 Organization 1.2 Scandal 1.3 Political 1.4 Severity 1.5 Systemic scandals 2 Federal government scandals 2.1 2009– Obama Administration 2.1.1 Legislative Branch 2.1.2 Judicial Branch 2.2 2001–2008 George W. Bush Administration 2.2.1 Executive Branch scandals 2.2.2 Legislative Branch scandals 2.3 1993–2000 William Jefferson Clinton Administration 2.3.1 Executive Branch scandals 2.3.2 Legislative Branch scandals 2.4 1989–1993 George H. W. Bush Administration 2.4.1 Executive Branch scandals 2.4.2 Legislative Branch scandals 2.4.3 Judicial Branch scandals 2.5 1981–1989 Ronald Reagan Administration 2.5.1 Executive Branch scandals 2.5.2 Legislative Branch scandals 2.5.3 Judicial Branch scandals 2.6 1977–1980 James E. Carter Administration 2.6.1 Executive Branch scandals 2.6.2 Legislative branch scandals 2.7 1974–1976 Gerald Ford Administration 2.7.1 Executive Branch scandals 2.7.2 Legislative Branch scandals 2.7.3 Judicial Branch scandals 2.8 1970–1973 Richard M. Nixon Administration 2.8.1 Executive Branch scandals 2.8.2 Legislative Branch scandals 2.8.3 Judicial Branch scandals 2.9 1963–1969 Lyndon B. Johnson Administration 2.9.1 Executive Branch scandals 2.9.2 Legislative Branch scandals 2.9.3 Judicial Branch scandals 2.10 1961–1963 John F. Kennedy Administration 2.10.1 Legislative Branch scandals 2.11 1952–1959 Dwight D. Eisenhower Administration 2.11.1 Executive Branch scandals 2.11.2 Legislative Branch scandals 2.12 1945–1951 Harry S. Truman Administration 2.12.1 Executive Branch scandals 2.12.2 Legislative Branch scandals 2.13 1924–1945 2.13.1 Legislative Branch 2.13.2 Judicial Branch 2.14 1920–1923 Warren G. Harding Administration 2.14.1 Executive Branch scandals 2.14.2 Legislative Branch 2.15 1900–1920 2.15.1 Executive Branch 2.15.2 Legislative Branch 2.15.3 Judicial branch 2.16 1850–1899 2.16.1 Executive Branch 2.16.2 Legislative Branch 2.17 1869–1876 Ulysses S. Grant Administration 2.17.1 Executive scandals 2.17.2 Legislative scandals 2.17.3 Judicial scandals 2.18 1865–1868 Andrew Johnson Administration 2.19 1861–1865 Abraham Lincoln Administration 2.20 1857–1860 James Buchanan Administration 2.21 1849–1850 Zachary Taylor Administration 2.21.1 Executive Branch 2.22 1829–1837 Andrew Jackson Administration 2.23 1801–1808 Thomas Jefferson Administration 2.23.1 Legislative Branch 2.24 1789–1797 George Washington Administration 2.25 1777–1800 2.25.1 Executive Branch 3 State scandals 3.1 2010– 3.2 2000–2009 3.3 1990–1999 3.4 1980–1989 3.5 1970–1979 3.6 1940–1969 3.7 1900–1939 3.8 1800–1899 4 Local scandals 4.1 2010-present 4.2 2000–2009 4.3 1900–1999 5 Sex scandals 5.1 2009– National 5.1.1 2009 – Local 5.2 2000–2008 National 5.2.1 2000–2008 Local 5.3 1990–1999 National 5.4 1990–1999 Local 5.5 1980–1989 National 5.5.1 1980–1989 Local 5.6 1970–1979 5.6.1 Local 5.7 1900–1969 5.8 1776–1899 6 See also 7 Notes 8 References

[edit] Scope and organization of political scandals

[edit] Organization

This article is divided into three sections, Federal scandals, Local scandals and (political) Sex scandals. Federal scandals are organized by presidential term and then into scandals of the Executive, Legislative and Judicial Branches. Members of both parties are listed under the term of the presiding president at the time the scandal took place. Local scandals are divided by date and state, and sex scandals are listed by date.

[edit] Scandal

There is no hard and fast rule defining scandals. Though the dictionary may define scandal as "loss of or damage to reputation caused by actual or apparent violation of morality or propriety", in politics scandal should be kept separate from 'controversy,' (which implies two differing points of view) and 'unpopularity.' Many presidents make unpopular decisions. Neither of these are scandals.
A good guideline is whether or not an action is, or appears to be, illegal. Since we expect everyone, particularly politicians, to be law abiding, breaking the law is, by definition, a scandal. Misunderstandings, breaches of ethics, unproven crimes or cover-ups may or may not result in scandals depending on who is bringing the charges, the amount of publicity garnered, and the seriousness of the crime, if any. The finding of a court with jurisdiction is the sole method used to determine a violation of law.

[edit] Political

By definition, political scandals should involve politicians and not private citizens. Civilians should be included only when they are closely linked to elected or appointed officials. Kenneth Lay of Enron, is a good example.

[edit] Severity

There is no bright line to distinguish "major" scandals from "minor" scandals, but rather scandals tend to be defined by the public themselves and the media's desire to feed that particular frenzy. Thus, small but salacious scandals, such as Larry Craig's (R-ID) arrest for lewd behavior can eclipse more serious scandals such as suspending the Writ of Habeas Corpus in time of war.
What is also not so clear, is how far down the ladder of obscurity a scandal should go. During the Truman (D) administration 166 local IRS staffers were found to be corrupt, but they were so far removed from Washington, Truman or any of his appointees, that it could hardly be called a 'Truman scandal.'
To keep the article a manageable size, Senators and Congressmen who are rebuked, admonished, condemned, suspended, found in contempt, found to have acted improperly, used poor judgement or were reprimanded by their legislatures are not included unless the scandal is recent, exceptional, or leads to expulsion.

[edit] Systemic scandals

Not included in this article are pervasive systemic scandals, such as the role of money in "normal" politics which purchases access and influence. Neither are 'revolving door' stories, which is the practice of hiring government officials to promote or lobby for companies they were recently paid to regulate. Though some rules now apply, to a great extent this is legal.
Likewise, corporate scandals, failures or corruption are not included unless there is significant political involvement. Thus the Lockheed bail out, Harken Energy, MCI Inc., Bernard Madoff, Tom Petters, and Allen Stanford are not included, but Scott W. Rothstein, VECO Corporation and Enron Scandal are.

[edit] Federal government scandals

[edit] 2009– Obama Administration

[edit] Legislative Branch

• Joe Miller (R-AL) the Tea Party movement candidate running for the US Senate seat from Alaska had journalist Tony Hopfinger handcuffed by his security team after a meeting at a public school. ^{[1][2][3][4][5]} Hopfinger remained in handcuffs until Anchorage police arrived and told the guards to release him. ^[1]

• Mark Kirk (R-IL) currently serving in the United States House of Representatives and running for a US Senate seat from Illinois, apologized for lying about his military record including that he came under fire while over Iraq and received the "Best Intelligence Officer Award. (2010) ^[6]

• Richard Blumenthal (D-CT) currently serving as state Attorney General of Connecticut and candidate for the US Senate, was found to have lied about military service in Vietnam. He was never deployed to Vietnam and served instead at Parris Island, South Carolina. (2010)^[7]

• Joe Wilson (R-SC) The congressman from South Carolina interrupted a major televised speech about health care reform by President Barack Obama to a joint session of Congress. After Obama said that no illegal aliens would be accepted under his health plan, Rep. Wilson shouted, "You lie!" The incident resulted in a formal rebuke by the House of Representatives. He later admitted that the outburst was "inappropriate".^[8] (2009)

[edit] Judicial Branch

• G. Thomas Porteous Federal Judge for Eastern Louisiana was unanimously impeached by the US House of Representatives on charges of corruption and perjury in March 2010.^[9]

[edit] 2001–2008 George W. Bush Administration

[edit] Executive Branch scandals

• Commutation of sentence of Lewis Libby (R) known as "Scooter," who was Chief of Staff to Vice President Dick Cheney (R), was convicted of perjury and obstruction of justice in the Plame Affair on March 6, 2007. He was sentenced to 30 months in prison and fined $250,000. The sentence was commuted by George W. Bush (R) on July 1, 2007. The felony remains on Libby's record.^[10]
• Alphonso Jackson (R) The Secretary of Housing and Urban Development resigned while under investigation by the FBI for revoking the contract of a vendor who told Jackson he did not like President George W. Bush (R) (2008)^[11]
• Karl Rove (R) Special Adviser to the President was investigated in 2007 by the Office of Special Counsel for "improper political influence over government decision-making", as well as for his involvement in such other scandals as Lawyergate, Bush White House e-mail controversy and Plame affair. See Karl Rove in the George W. Bush administration)^[12]
• "Lawyergate"^[13] Or the Dismissal of U.S. attorneys controversy refers to the Bush administration firing without explanation, of eleven Republican federal prosecutors whom he himself had appointed. It is alleged they were fired for prosecuting Republicans and not prosecuting Democrats.^{[citation needed]} As congressional hearings were called, a number of senior Justice Department officials cited executive privilege and refused to testify under oath, including:

1. Michael A. Battle (R) Director of Executive Office of US Attorneys in the Justice Department.^[14]
2. Bradley Schlozman (R) Director of Executive Office of US Attorneys who replaced Battle^[15]
3. Michael Elston (R) Chief of Staff to Deputy Attorney General Paul McNulty ^[16]
4. Paul McNulty (R) Deputy Attorney General to William Mercer ^[17]
5. William W. Mercer (R) Associate Attorney General to Alberto Gonzales^[18]
6. Kyle Sampson (R) Chief of Staff to Attorney General Alberto Gonzales ^[14]
7. Alberto Gonzales (R) Attorney General of the United States ^[19]
8. Monica Goodling (R) Liaison between President Bush and the Justice Department ^[20]
9. Joshua Bolten Deputy Chief of Staff to President Bush was found in Contempt of Congress^[21]
10. Sara M. Taylor (R) Aid to Presidential Advisor Karl Rove ^[22]
11. Karl Rove (R) Advisor to President Bush^[23]
12. Harriet Miers (R) Legal Counsel to President Bush, was found in Contempt of Congress^[21]

• Bush White House e-mail controversy – During the Lawyergate investigation it was discovered that the Bush administration used Republican National Committee (RNC) web servers for millions of emails which were then destroyed, lost or deleted in possible violation of the Presidential Records Act and the Hatch Act. George W. Bush, Dick Cheney, Karl Rove, Andrew Card, Sara Taylor and Scott Jennings all used RNC webservers for the majority of their emails. Of 88 officials, no emails at all were discovered for 51 of them.^[24] As many as 5 million e-mails requested by Congressional investigators of other Bush administration scandals were therefore unavailable, lost, or deleted.^[25]
• Lurita Alexis Doan (R) Resigned as head of the General Services Administration. She was under scrutiny for conflict of interest and violations of the Hatch Act.^[26] Among other things she asked GSA employees how they could "help Republican candidates." ^[27]
• Jack Abramoff Scandal in which the prominent lobbyist with close ties to Republican administration officials and legislators offered bribes as part of his lobbying efforts. Abramhoff was sentenced to 4 years in prison.^[28][29] See Legislative scandals.

1. David Safavian GSA (General Services Administration) Chief of Staff,^[30] found guilty of blocking justice and lying,^[31] and sentenced to 18 months^[32]
2. Roger Stillwell (R) Staff in the Department of the Interior under George W. Bush. Pleaded guilty and received two years suspended sentence
3. Susan Ralston (R) Special Assistant to the President and Senior Advisor to Karl Rove, resigned October 6, 2006 after it became known that she accepted gifts and passed information to her former boss Jack Abramoff
4. J. Steven Griles (R) former Deputy to the Secretary of the Interior pleaded guilty to obstruction of justice and was sentenced to 10 months.^[33]
5. Italia Federici (R) staff to the Secretary of Interior, pled guilty to tax evasion and obstruction of justice. She was sentenced to four years probation.^[34][35][36]

1. Mark Zachares (R) staff in the Department of Labor, bribed by Abramoff, guilty of conspiracy to defraud
2. Robert E. Coughlin (R) Justice Department official pleaded guilty to conflict of interest after accepting bribes from Jack Abramoff (2008)
3. Tony Rudy (R), lobbyist and one-time aide to Tom DeLay (R), pleaded guilty in March 2006 to conspiring with Abramoff. He cooperated with investigators.
4. William Heaton (R), former chief of staff for Bob Ney (R), pleaded guilty to a federal conspiracy charge involving a golf trip to Scotland, expensive meals, and tickets to sporting events between 2002 and 2004 as payoffs for helping Abramoff's clients.

• Julie MacDonald (R) Deputy Assistant Secretary of the Department of the Interior, resigned May 1, 2007 after giving government documents to developers (2007)^[37]
• Lester Crawford (R) Commissioner of the Food and Drug Administration, resigned after 2 months. Pled guilty to conflict of interest and received 3 years suspended sentence and fined $90,000 (2006) ^[38]
• 2003 invasion of Iraq depended on intelligence that Saddam Hussein was developing "weapons of mass distruction" meaning nuclear, chemical or biological weapons for offensive use. The Downing Street memo were minutes of a British secret meeting with the US (dated 23 July 2002, leaked 2005) which include a summary of MI6 Director Sir Richard Dearlove's report that "Bush wanted to remove Saddam, through military action, justified by the conjunction of terrorism and WMD. But the intelligence and the facts were being fixed around the policy" This was called the 'smoking gun' concerning W. Bush's run up to war with Iraq.(2005)^[39]
• Yellowcake forgery: Just prior to the 2003 invasion of Iraq, the Bush administration presented evidence to the UN that Iraq was seeking material (yellowcake uranium) in Africa for making nuclear weapons. Though presented as true, it was later found to be not only dubious, but outright false.^[40]
• Bush administration payment of columnists with federal funds to say nice things about Republican policies. Illegal payments were made to journalists Armstrong Williams (R), Maggie Gallagher (R) and Michael McManus (R) (2004–2005)^[41]
• Sandy Berger (D) former Clinton security adviser pleads guilty to a misdemeanor charge of unlawfully removing classified documents from the National Archives in (2005)^[42]
• Bernard Kerik (R) nomination in 2004 as Secretary of Homeland Security was derailed by past employment of an illegal alien as a nanny, and other improprieties. On Nov 4, 2009 he pled quilty to two counts of tax fraud and five counts of lying to the federal government(2009)^[43] and was sentenced to four years in prison.^[43]
• Torture: Top US officials including George W. Bush ^[44] and Dick Cheney ^[45] authorized Enhanced interrogation techniques of prisoners, including waterboarding (called torture by many) by US troops and the CIA in Iraq, Afghanistan, and elsewhere. In 2010 Bush stated "He'd do it again..." and Cheney stated on ABC's This Week, "I was a big supporter of waterboarding." ^[46] (2004)
• Christine Todd Whitman (R), was appointed head of the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) by George W. Bush on January 31, 2001.^[47] Under her direction the EPA produced a report detailing the expected effects of global warming in the United States. The report was dismissed by Bush as the work of "the bureaucracy." ^[48] On June 27, 2003 after having several more public conflicts with the Bush administration, Whitman resigned from her position to spend more time with her family.^[49][50]
• Plame affair (2004), in which CIA agent Valerie Plame's name was leaked to the press in retaliation for her husband's criticism of the reports used by George W. Bush to legitimaize the Iraq war.^[51]
• Thomas A. Scully, (R) administrator of the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS), withheld information from Congress about the projected cost of the Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement, and Modernization Act, and allegedly threatened to fire Medicare's chief actuary, Richard Foster, if Foster provided the data to Congress. (2003)^[52]
• NSA warrantless surveillance Shortly after the September 11 attacks in 2001, President George W. Bush (R) implemented a secret program by the National Security Agency to eavesdrop on domestic telephone calls by American citizens without warrants, thus by-passing the FISA court which must approve all such actions. (2002)^[53] In 2010, Federal Judge Vaughn Walker ruled this practice to be illegal.^[54]
• Enron collapse (2002) leading to investigation of its CEO Kenneth Lay (R), a former member of the Republican National Committee and once considered a possible pick for Secretary of the Treasury, was a top political ally and financial donor to President George W. Bush. Lay was found guilty of 10 counts of securities fraud, but died before sentencing.^[55])
• John Yoo (R) An attorney in the Office of Legal Counsel inside the Justice Department who, working closely with vice president Dick Cheney and The Bush Six,^[56] wrote memos stating the right of the president to –

1. suspend sections of the ABM Treaty without informing Congress ^[57]
2. bypass the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act allowing warrentless wiretapping of US Citizens within the United States by the National Security Agency.^[57]
3. state that the First Amendment and Fourth Amendments and the Takings Clause do not apply to the president in time of war as defined in the USA PATRIOT Act ^[57]
4. allow Enhanced Interrogation Techniques because provisions of the War Crimes Act, the Third Geneva Convention, and the Torture convention do not apply.^[57]

Many of his memos have since been repudiated and reversed.^[57][58] Later review by the Justice Department reported that Yoo and Jay Bybee used "poor judgement" in the memos, but no charges have yet been filed.^[59]

[edit] Legislative Branch scandals

• Ted Stevens Senator (R-AK) convicted on seven counts of bribery and tax evasion October 27, 2008 just prior to the election. He continued his run for re-election, but lost. Once the Republican was defeated in his re-election, new US Attorney General Eric Holder (D) dismissed the charges "in the interest of justice" stating that the Justice Department had illegally withheld evidence from defense counsel.^[60]
• Charles Rangel (D-NY) failed to report $75,000 income from the rental of his villa in Punta Cana, Dominican Republic and was forced to pay $11,000 in back taxes.(September 2008)^[61]
• Rick Renzi (R-AZ) Announced he would not seek another term. Seven months later, on February 22, 2008 he pleaded not guilty to 35 charges of fraud, conspiracy and money laundering.^[62]
• Jack Abramoff Scandal, (R) lobbyist found guilty of conspiracy, tax evasion and corruption of public officials in three different courts in a wide ranging investigation. Currently serving 70 months and fined $24.7 million.^[63] See Scandals, Executive Branch. The following were also implicated:

1. Tom DeLay (R-TX) House Majority Leader, reprimanded twice by House Ethics Committee and aides indicted (2004–2005); eventually DeLay himself was investigated in October 2005 but not indicted. DeLay resigned from the House 9 June 2006. A TX state charge of money laundering continues.^[64]
2. James W. Ellis (R) runs DeLay's PAC, indicted
3. John D. Calyandro (R) runs Texans for a Republican Majority, indicted
4. Adam Kidon business partner of Abramoff, pleaded guilty to fraud, sentenced to 70 months
5. Michael Scanlon (R) former staff to Tom DeLay: working for Abramoff, pleaded guilty to bribery
6. Tony Rudy (R) former staff to Tom DeLay, pleaded guilty to conspiracy
7. Robert Ney (R-OH) bribed by Abramoff, pleaded guilty to conspiracy, sentenced to 30 months
8. Neil Volz (R) former staff to Robert Ney, pleaded guilty to conspiracy
9. William Heaton (R) mayor to Robert Ney, pleaded guilty to fraud, 24 months probation
10. John Albaugh (R) former COS to Ernest Istook (R-OK) pled guilty
11. Jared Carpenter (R) Counsel of Republicans for Environmental Advocacy, pled guilty to income tax evasion, got 45 days, plus 4 years probation
12. Robert E. Coughlin (R) Deputy Chief of Staff, Criminal Division, Justice Department, pled guilty to accepting bribes.^[65]
13. Adam Kidan private citizen, pled guilty and received 70 months
14. Trevor Blackann private citizen, pled guilty
15. James Hirni, (R) former staff to Tim Hutchinson (R-AR) indicted for wire fraud
16. Kevin A. Ring, (R) former staff to John Doolittle (R-CA) indicted for 10 counts of corruption

• John Doolittle (R-CA) both he and his wife are under investigation (January 2008). Under this cloud, Doolittle decided not to run for re-election in November 2008.^[66]
• Duke Cunningham (R-CA) pleaded guilty on November 28, 2005 to charges of conspiracy to commit bribery, mail fraud, wire fraud and tax evasion in what came to be called the Cunningham scandal. Sentenced to over eight years.
• Kyle Foggo CIA Exec. Director, number 3 in the agency, was indicted February 13, 2007 on charges of fraud, money laundering, conspiracy. Plea bargained to one count of fraud.
• Cynthia McKinney (D-GA) struck a U.S. Capitol Police officer in the chest after he attempted to stop her from going around a security checkpoint. McKinney apologized on the floor of the House and no charges were filed (March 29, 2006)
• William J. Jefferson (D-LA) in August 2005 the FBI seized $90,000 in cash from Jefferson's home freezer. He was re-elected anyway, but lost in 2008. Jefferson was convicted of 11 counts of bribery and sentenced to 13 years on November 13, 2009, and his chief of staff Brett Pfeffer was sentenced to 84 months in a related case.^[67][68]
• Bill Janklow (R-SD) convicted of second-degree manslaughter for running a stop sign and killing a motorcyclist. Resigned from the House and given 100 days in the county jail and three years (2003)^[69]
• Robert Torricelli Senator (D-NJ) after 14 years in the House and one term in the Senate, Torricelli declined to run again when accused of taking illegal contributions from Korean, David Chang (2002)
• Jim Traficant (D-OH) found guilty on 10 felony counts of financial corruption, he was sentenced to 8 years in prison and expelled from the House (2002)^[70]

[edit] 1993–2000 William Jefferson Clinton Administration

[edit] Executive Branch scandals

• Pardongate President Bill Clinton (D) granted 396 pardons in the final days of his term; though presidents regularly pardon people during their final hours in office, the amount seemed excessive compared with the 74 granted by his predecessor George H.W. Bush (R), but not when compared to his predecessor Ronald Reagan (R) who pardoned 393.^[71]
• Henry Cisneros (D) Secretary of Housing. Resigned and plead guilty (1999) to a misdemeanor charge of lying to the FBI about the amount of money he paid his former mistress, Linda Medlar while he was Mayor of San Antonio, Texas. He was fined $10,000 (1999)^[72]
• Ronald Blackley, (D) Secretary of Agriculture Mike Espy's Chief of Staff, sentenced to 27 months for perjury. Mike Espy was found innocent on all counts. http://laws.findlaw.com/dc/983036a.html (1999)
• Bill Clinton President(D) Impeached for perjury and obstruction of justice for allegedly lying under oath about sexual relations with intern Monica Lewinsky. Clinton was acquitted by the Senate and remained in office. Clinton subsequently was cited for contempt of court and agreed to a five-year suspension of his Arkansas law license. (1998)^[73]
• Webster Hubbell (D) Associate Attorney General, pleaded guilty to mail fraud and tax evasion. Sentenced to 21 months in prison (1995)^[74]
• Whitewater scandal (1994–2000) independent counsel Kenneth Starr (R) investigated the Clinton's role in peddling influence for the Whitewater (real estate) Development Corporation while he was Governor of Arkansas. No criminal charges were brought against either President Bill Clinton (D) or First Lady Hillary Clinton (D)^[75]
• Wampumgate Bruce Babbitt (D), Secretary of the Interior 1993–2001, accused of lying to Congress about influencing a 1995 American Indian tribe casino decision. Babbitt was cleared of all wrongdoing.^[76]
• Filegate alleged misuse of FBI resources by Clinton Security Chief, Craig Livingstone (D), to compile an 'enemies' list (1996); Investigation found insufficient evidence of criminal wrongdoing^[77]
• The 1996 United States campaign finance controversy refers to alleged efforts by China to influence the 1996 elections by directing campaign donations through intermediaries, largely to Democratic candidates including Bill Clinton and Al Gore.
• Vincent Foster (D) the White House lawyer was alleged to have been murdered by either Bill or Hillary Clinton, for various reasons and with varying degrees of involvement. The suicide was investigated by the Park Police Service, the FBI, Independent Consultant Robert Fiske and finally by Independent Counsel Kenneth Starr all of whom ruled that it was a simple suicide (1993)^[78]
• Travelgate, involving the firing of White House travel agents. In 1998 Independent Counsel Kenneth Starr (R) exonerated President Bill Clinton and Hillary Clinton of any involvement (1993)^[79]

[edit] Legislative Branch scandals

• Barbara-Rose Collins (D-MI) found to have committed 11 violations of law and house rules stemming from use of campaign funds for personal use.^[80]
• Wes Cooley (R-OR), Cooley was convicted of having lied on the 1994 voter information pamphlet about his service in the Army. He was fined and sentenced to two years probation (1997)^[81]
• Austin Murphy (D-PA) convicted of engaging in voter fraud for filling out absentee ballots for members of a nursing home.^[82]
• Newt Gingrich (R-GA), the Speaker of the House, was accused of financial improprieties leading to House reprimand and $300,000 in sanctions ^[83] leading to his resignation (1997)^[84]
• Walter R. Tucker III (D-CA) resigned from the House before conviction on charges of extortion and income tax fraud while he was Mayor of Compton, California. Sentenced to 27 months in prison.(1996)^[85]
• Nicholas Mavroules (D-MA) pleaded guilty to bribery charges.^[86]
• House banking scandal ^[87] The House of Representatives Bank found that 450 members had overdrawn their checking accounts, but had not been penalized. Six were convicted of charges, most only tangentially related to the House Bank itself. Twenty two more of the most prolific over-drafters were singled out by the House Ethics Committee. (1992)

1. Buzz Lukens (R-OH) convicted of bribery and conspiracy.
2. Carl D. Perkins (D-KY) pled guilty to a check kiting scheme involving several financial institutions (including the House Bank).
3. Carroll Hubbard (D-KY)convicted of illegally funneling money to his wife's 1992 campaign to succeed him in congress.^[88]
4. Mary Rose Oakar (D-OH) was charged with seven felonies, but pleaded guilty only to a misdemeanor campaign finance charge not related to the House Bank.
5. Walter Fauntroy (D-DC) convicted convicted of filing false disclosure forms in order to hide unauthorized income.^{[citation needed]}
6. Jack Russ Sgt. at Arms, convicted

• Congressional Post Office scandal (1991–1995) A conspiracy to embezzle House Post Office money through stamps and postal vouchers to congressmen.^[89]

1. Dan Rostenkowski (D-IL) Rostenkowski was convicted and sentenced to 18 months in prison, in 1995.^[90]
2. Joe Kolter (D-PA) Convicted of one count of conspiracy^[91] and sentenced to 6 months in prison.^[92]
3. Robert V. Rota Postmaster, convicted of one count of conspiracy and two counts of embezzlement.^[89]

• Jay Kim (R-CA) accepted $250,000 in illegal 1992 campaign contributions and was sentenced to two months house arrest (1992)^[93]

[edit] 1989–1993 George H. W. Bush Administration

[edit] Executive Branch scandals

• Catalina Vasquez Villalpando, (R) Treasurer of the United States. Pleaded guilty to obstruction of justice and tax evasion. The only US Treasurer ever sent to prison. (1992)^[94]
• Iran-Contra Affair pardons. On December 24, 1992, George H. W. Bush (R) granted clemency to five convicted government officials and Caspar Weinberger, whose trial had not yet begun. This action prevented any further investigation into the affair.^[95] former Secretary of Defense

1. Caspar Weinberger (R) Secretary of Defense under Ronald Reagan
2. Robert C. McFarlane (R) National Security Advisor to Ronald Reagan
3. Elliott Abrams Asssistant Secretary of State to Ronald Reagan
4. Duane R. Clarridge
5. Clair E. George
6. Alan G. Fiers Jr

[edit] Legislative Branch scandals

• Albert Bustamante (D-TX) convicted of accepting bribes.^[96]
• Lawrence J. Smith (D-FL) pleaded guilty to tax fraud and lying to federal election officials and served three months in jail.
• David Durenberger Senator (R-MN) denounced by Senate for unethical financial transactions and then disbarred (1990). He pled guilty to misuse of public funds and given one year probation (1995)^[97]

[edit] Judicial Branch scandals

• Clarence Thomas (R) Supreme Court nominee accused of sexual harassment by former employee Anita Hill. He was approved anyway.^[98]
• Walter Nixon US Judge (D-MS) Was impeached by the House and convicted by the Senate for perjury on November 3, (1989)^[99]

[edit] 1981–1989 Ronald Reagan Administration

[edit] Executive Branch scandals

• Robert Bernard Anderson (R) former United States Secretary of Treasury (1957–1961) pled guilty to tax evasion while operating an offshore bank in (1987)^[100]
• Raymond J. Donovan (R) Secretary of Labor under Ronald Reagan, was investigated and acquitted of larceny and fraud concerning subway construction in New York City(1987)^[101]
• Housing and Urban Development Scandal A controversy concerning bribery by selected contractors for low income housing projects.

1. Samuel Pierce (R) Secretary of Housing and Urban Development because he made "full and public written acceptance of responsibility" was not charged.^[102]
2. James G. Watt (R) Secretary of Interior, 1981–1983, charged with 25 counts of perjury and obstruction of justice, sentenced to five years probation, fined $5,000 and 500 hours of community service^[103]
3. Deborah Gore Dean, (R) Executive Assistant to (Samuel Pierce, Secretary of HUD 1981–1987, and not charged). Dean was onvicted of 12 counts of perjury, conspiracy, bribery. Sentenced to 21 months in prison (1987)^[104]
4. Phillip D. Winn (R) Assistant Secretary of HUD, 1981–1982, pled guilty to bribery in 1994.^[104]
5. Thomas Demery, (R) Assistant Secretary of HUD, pled guilty to bribery and obstruction^[104]
6. Joseph A. Strauss, (R) Special Assistant to the Secretary of HUD, convicted for accepting payments to favor Puerto Rican land developers in receiving HUD funding.^[105]
7. Silvio D. DeBartolomeis convicted of perjury and bribery.^[106]

• Wedtech scandal Wedtech Corporation convicted of bribery for Defense Department contracts

1. Edwin Meese (R) Attorney General, resigned but never convicted ^[107]
2. Lyn Nofziger (R) White House Press Secretary, conviction of lobbying was overturned.^[108]
3. Mario Biaggi (D-NY) sentenced to 2½ years.^[109]
4. Robert Garcia (D-NY) sentenced to 2½ years.^[110]
5. also convicted were Clarence Mitchell III and Michael B. Mitchell state Senators (D-MD)

• Savings and loan scandal in which 747 institutions failed and had to be rescued with $160,000,000,000 of taxpayer monies in connection with the Keating Five. see Legislative scandals.^[111]
• Iran-Contra Affair (1985–1986); A plan conceived by CIA head William Casey (R) and Oliver North (R) of the National Security Counsel to sell TOW missiles to Iran for the return of US hostages and then use part of the money received to fund Contra rebels trying to overthrow the left wing government of Nicaragua, which was in direct violation of Congress' Boland Amendment.^[112] Ronald Reagan appeared on TV stating there was no "arms for hostages" deal, but was later forced to admit, also on TV, that yes, there indeed had been:

1. Caspar Weinberger (R) Secretary of Defense, pardoned before trial by President George H. W. Bush (R)
2. Robert C. McFarlane (R) National Security Adviser, convicted of withholding evidence, but after aplea bargain was given only 2 years probation. Later pardoned by President George H. W. Bush^[113]
3. Elliott Abrams (R) Asst Sec of State, convicted of withholding evidence, but after a plea bargain was given only 2 years probation. Later pardoned by President George H. W. Bush^[114] http://www.fas.org/irp/offdocs/walsh/summpros.htm.
4. Alan D. Fiers Chief of the CIA's Central American Task Force, convicted of withholding evidence and sentenced to one year probation. Later pardoned by President George H. W. Bush ^[112]
5. Clair George Chief of Covert Ops-CIA, convicted on 2 charges of perjury, but pardoned by President George H. W. Bush before sentencing.^[115]
6. Oliver North (R) convicted of accepting an illegal gratuity, obstruction of a congressional inquiry, and destruction of documents, but the ruling was overturned since he had been granted immunity.^[116]
7. Fawn Hall, Oliver North's secretary was given immunity from prosecution on charges of conspiracy and destroying documents in exchange for her testimony.^[117]
8. John Poindexter National Security Advisor (R) convicted of 5 counts of conspiracy, obstruction of justice, perjury, defrauding the government, and the alteration and destruction of evidence. The Supreme Court overturned this ruling.^[118]
9. Duane R. Clarridge (R) pardoned before trial by President George H. W. Bush
10. Richard V. Secord pleaded guilty to making false statements to Congress
11. Albert Hakim pleaded guilty to supplementing the salary of North
12. Thomas G. Clines convicted of four counts of tax-related offenses for failing to report income from the operations
13. Carl R. Channell pleaded guilty to conspiracy to defraud the United States
14. Richard R. Miller pleaded guilty to conspiracy to defraud the United States
15. Joseph F. Fernandez indicted on four counts of obstruction and false statements; case dismissed when Attorney General Dick Thornburgh refused to declassify information needed for his defense

• Inslaw Affair (1985–1994⁺); a protracted legal case that alleged that top-level officials of President Ronald Reagan's (R) Department of Justice were involved in software piracy of the Promis program from Inslaw Inc. forcing it into bankruptcy.^[119] Attorney General Edwin Meese (R) and his successor Attorney General Dick Thornburgh (R) were both found to have blocked the investigation of the matter.^[120] They were succeeded by Attorney General William P. Barr (R) who also refused to investigate and no charges were ever filed.^[121]

1. D. Lowell Jensen, (R) Deputy Attorney General was held in Contempt of Congress.^[122]
2. C. Madison Brewer A high ranking Justice Department official was held in Contempt of Congress.^[122]

• Michael Deaver (R) Deputy Chief of Staff to Ronald Reagan 1981–85, pleaded guilty to perjury related to lobbying activities and was sentenced to 3 years probation and fined $100,000 ^[123]
• Sewergate A scandal in which funds from the EPA were selectively used for projects which would aid politicians friendly to the Reagan administration.

1. Anne Gorsuch Burford (R) Head of the EPA. Cut the EPA staff by 22% and refused to turn over documents to Congress citing "Executive Privilege",^[124] whereupon she was found in Contempt and resigned with twenty of her top employees.(1980) ^[125]
2. Rita Lavelle (R) An EPA Administrator, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency‎ misused ‘superfund' monies and was convicted of perjury. She served six months in prison, was fined $10,000 and given five yrs probation.^[126]

[edit] Legislative Branch scandals

• David Durenberger Senator (R-MN), denounced by the Senate for unethical financial transactions (1990) and then disbarred as an attorney.^[127] In 1995 he pled guilty to 5 misdemeanor counts of misuse of public funds and was given one years probation.^[128]
• Jesse Helms Senator (R-NC), His campaign was found guilty of 'voter caging' when 125,000 postcards were sent to mainly black neighborhoods and the results used to challenge their residency and therefore their right to vote. (1990) ^[129]
• Barney Frank Congressman (D-MA), Lived with convicted felon Steve Gobie who ran a gay prostitution operation from Frank's apartment without his knowledge. Frank was Admonished by Congress for using his congressional privilege to eliminate 33 parking tickets attributed to Gobie.(1987) ^[130]
• Donald E. "Buz" Lukens (R-OH), Convicted of two counts of bribery and conspiracy. (1996) ^[131] See also Sex scandals.
• Anthony Lee Coelho (D-CA) Resigns rather than face inquiries from both the Justice Department and the House Ethics Committee about an allegedly unethical "junk bond" deal, which netted him $6,000. He was never charged with any crime (1989) ^[132]
• Jim Wright (D-TX) House Speaker, resigned after an ethics investigation led by Newt Gingrich alleged improper receipt of $145,000 in gifts (1989) ^[133]
• Keating Five (1980–1989) The failure of Lincoln Savings and Loan led to Charles Keating (R) donating to the campaigns of five Senators for help. Keating served 42 months in prison.^[134] The five were investigated by the Senate Ethics Committee which found that:

1. Alan Cranston Senator (D-CA) reprimanded^[135]
2. Dennis DeConcini Senator (D-AZ) acted improperly^[136]
3. Don Riegle Senator (D-MI) acted improperly^[136]
4. John Glenn Senator (D-OH) used poor judgment^[136]
5. John McCain Senator (R-AZ) used poor judgment^[136]

• Abscam FBI sting involving fake 'Arabs' trying to bribe 31 congressmen.(1980) ^[137] The following six Congressmen were convicted:

1. Harrison A. Williams Senator (D-NJ) Convicted on 9 counts of bribery and conspiracy. Sentenced to 3 years in prison.^[138]
2. John Jenrette Representative (D-SC) sentenced to two years in prison for bribery and conspiracy.^[139]
3. Richard Kelly (R-FL) Accepted $25K and then claimed he was conducting his own investigation into corruption. Served 13 months.^[140]
4. Raymond Lederer (D-PA) "I can give you me" he said after accepting $50K. Sentenced to 3 years.^[141]
5. Michael Myers (D-PA) Accepted $50K saying, "...money talks and bullshit walks." Sentenced to 3 years and was expelled from the House.^[142]
6. Frank Thompson (D-NJ) Sentenced to 3 years.^[143]
7. John M. Murphy (D-NY) Served 20 months of a 3 year sentence.^[144]
8. Also arrested were NJ State Senator Angelo Errichetti (D) ^[145] and members of the Philadelphia City Council. See Local scandals.

• Mario Biaggi (D-NY), Convicted of obstruction of justice and accepting illegal gratuities he was sentenced to 2½ years in prison and fined $500K for his role in the Wedtech Scandal, see above. Just before expulsion from the House, he resigned. The next year he was convicted of another 15 counts of obstruction and bribery. (1988) ^[146]
• Pat Swindall (R-GA) convicted of 6 counts of perjury. (1989) ^[147][148]
• George V. Hansen (R-ID) censured for failing to file out disclosure forms. Spent 15 months in prison.^[149]
• James Traficant (D-OH), convicted of ten felony counts including bribery, racketeering and tax evasion and sentenced to 8 years in prison. He was expelled from the House July 24, (2002.)^[150]
• Frederick W. Richmond (D-NY),Convicted of tax evasion and possession of marijuana. Served 9 months(1982) ^[151]
• Dan Flood (D-PA) censured for bribery. After a trial ended in a deadlocked jury, pleaded guilty and was sentenced to a year's probation.^[152][153]
• Joshua Eilberg (D-PA) pleaded guilty to conflict-of-interest charges. In addition, he convinced president Carter to fire the U.S. Attorney investigating his case.^[154]

[edit] Judicial Branch scandals

• Alcee Hastings (D-FL), Federal District court judge impeached by the House and convicted by the Senate of soliciting a bribe (1989).^[155] Subsequently elected to the U.S. House of Representatives (1992)
• Harry Claiborne (D-NE), Federal District court Judge impeached by the House and convicted by the Senate on two counts of tax evasion. He served over one year in prison.^[156]

[edit] 1977–1980 James E. Carter Administration

[edit] Executive Branch scandals

• Debategate: briefing book of President Jimmy Carter stolen and given to Ronald Reagan before U.S. presidential election, 1980^[157]
• Bert Lance (D), Director of OMB, resigned amidst allegations of misuse of funds during the sale of a Georgia bank to BCCI. No charges were ever filed.(1977)^[158]

[edit] Legislative branch scandals

• Fred Richmond (D-NY) – Convicted of tax fraud and possession of marijuana. Served 9 months in prsion. Charges of soliciting sex from a 16-year-old boy were dropped after he submitted to counseling. (1978) ^[159]
• Charles Diggs (D-MI), convicted on 29 charges of mail fraud and filing false payroll forms which formed a kickback scheme with his staff. Sentenced to 3 years (1978) ^[160]
• Herman Talmadge Senator (D-GA), On October 11, 1979 Talmadge was denounced by the Senate for "improper financial conduct." He failed to be re-elected. (1979) ^[161]
• Michael Myers (D-PA) Received suspended six-month jail term after pleading no contest to disorderly conduct charged stemming from an incident at a Virginia bar in which he allegedly attacked a hotel security guard and a cashier.^[162]
• Koreagate scandal involving alleged bribery of more than 30 members of Congress by the South Korean government represented by Tongsun Park.

1. Richard T. Hanna (D-CA) was convicted and sentenced to 6 years in prison.
2. Otto E. Passman (D-LA) was accused of bribery, but found innocent.
3. John J. McFall, Edward Roybal, and Charles H. Wilson, all (D-CA), reprimanded for their involvement.

Several other Koreans and Congressmen were allegedly involved but not charged or reprimanded.^[163]

• Charles H. Wilson (D-CA) censured after he converted $25,000 in campaign funds to his own use and accepted $10,500 from a man with a direct interest in legislation before Congress.^[164]
• John Connolly (R-TX), Milk Money scandal. Accused of accepting a $10K bribe. He was acquitted. (1975) ^[165]
• Richard Tonry (D-LA) pleaded guilty to receiving illegal campaign contributions.^[166]

[edit] 1974–1976 Gerald Ford Administration

[edit] Executive Branch scandals

• Nixon pardon: Pardon by President Gerald Ford (R) of former President Richard Nixon (R), (who had appointed Ford his vice-president), just before Nixon could be tried for conspiracy and impeached for his role in Watergate(1974) ^[167]

[edit] Legislative Branch scandals

• Andrew J. Hinshaw (R-CA) Congressman convicted of accepting bribes while Assessor of Orange County. He served one year in prison. (1977) ^[168]
• Wayne L. Hays (D-OH), resigned from Congress after hiring and promoting his mistress, Elizabeth Ray See sex scandals. (1976)^[169]
• Henry Helstoski (D-NJ) Indicted on charges of accepting bribes to aid immigrants but the case was dismissed by the Supreme Court. (1976) ^[170]
• James F. Hastings (R-NY), convicted of kickbacks and mail fraud. Took money from his employees for personal use. Served 14 months at Allenwood penitentiary (1976) ^[171]
• Robert L. F. Sikes (D-FL) reprimanded for conflict of interest in failing to disclose stock holdings.^[164]
• John V. Dowdy (D-TX), Served 6 months in prison for perjury. (1973) ^[172]
• Bertram Podell (D-NY), pleaded guilty to conspiracy and conflict of interest. He was fined $5,000 and served four months in prison (1974)^[173]
• Frank Brasco (D-NY) Sentenced to three months in jail and fined $10,000 for conspiracy to accept bribes from a reputed Mafia figure who sought truck leasing contracts from the Post Office and loans to buy trucks.^[154]
• Frank Clark (D-PA) Paid congressional salaries to 13 Pennsylvania residents who performed no official duties.^[154]

[edit] Judicial Branch scandals

• Otto Kerner, Jr. (D) Resigned as a judge of the Federal Seventh Circuit Court District after conviction for bribery, mail fraud and tax evasion while Governor of Illinois. He was sentenced to 3 years in prison and fined $50,000. (1974) ^[174]

[edit] 1970–1973 Richard M. Nixon Administration

[edit] Executive Branch scandals

• Spiro Agnew (R-MD), Richard Nixon's Vice President, convicted of tax fraud stemming from bribery charges in Maryland and forced to resign.^[175] Nixon replaced him as V.P. with Gerald R. Ford (R-MI)(1973)
• Bebe Rebozo investigated for accepting large contribution to Nixon campaign. No charges filed (1973)^[176]
• Watergate (1972–1973) Republican 'bugging' of the Democratic Party National Headquarters at the Watergate Hotel led to a burglary which was discovered. The cover up of the affair by President Richard Nixon (R) and his staff resulted in 69 government officials being charged and 48 pleading guilty. Eventually, Nixon resigned his position.^[177]

1. John N. Mitchell (R) Attorney General, convicted of perjury.^[178]
2. Richard Kleindienst (R) Attorney General, found guilty of "refusing to answer questions" given one month in jail.^[179]
3. Jeb Stuart Magruder (R) Head of Committee to Re-elect the President, pled guilty to 1 count of conspiracy, August 1973^[180]
4. Frederick C. LaRue (R) Advisor to John Mitchell, convicted of obstruction of justice.^[180]
5. H. R. Haldeman (R) Chief of Staff for Nixon, convicted of perjury ^[181]
6. John Ehrlichman (R) Counsel to Nixon, convicted of perjury.^[182]
7. Egil Krogh Jr. (R) Aid to John Ehrlichman, sentenced to 6 months.^[180]
8. John W. Dean III (R) Counsel to Nixon, convicted of obstruction of justice.^[180]
9. Dwight L. Chapin (R) Deputy Assistant to Nixon, convicted of perjury.^[180]
10. Herbert W. Kalmbach (R) personal attorney to Nixon, convicted of illegal campaigning.^[180]
11. Charles W. Colson (R) Special Consul to Nixon, convicted of obstruction justice.^[179]
12. Herbert L. Porter (R) Aid to the Committee to Re-elect the President. Convicted of perjury.^[180]
13. G. Gordon Liddy (R) Special Investigations Group, convicted of burglary.^[180]
14. E. Howard Hunt (R) ‘security consultant,’ convicted of burglary.^[180]
15. James W. McCord Jr. (R) guilty of six charges of burglary, conspiracy and wiretapping.^[180]
16. Virgilio Gonzalez guilty of burglary.^[180]
17. Bernard Barker guilty of burglary.^[180]
18. Eugenio Martinez guilty of burglary.^[180]
19. Frank Sturgis guilty of burglary.^[180]

• Pentagon Papers Exposed unconstitutional actions and coverup by Presidents Lyndon B. Johnson (D) and Richard Nixon (R) in Vietnam, Cambodia, and Laos from 1964 through 1971.^[183]
• Richard Helms, Head of the CIA, denied his role in the overthrow of Chilean President Salvador Allende and was convicted of perjury. He also destroyed all record of over 150 CIA mind control experiments of the MKULTRA project for which he was not prosecuted.^[184]

[edit] Legislative Branch scandals

• Cornelius Gallagher (D-NJ) pleaded guilty to tax evasion, and served two years in prison.^[185]
• J. Irving Whalley (R-PA) Received suspended three-year sentence and fined $11,000 in 1973 for using mails to deposit staff salary kickbacks and threatening an employee to prevent her from giving information to the FBI.^[154]
• Martin B. McKneally (R-NY) Placed on one-year probation and fined $5,000 in 1971 for failing to file income tax return. He had not paid taxes for many years prior.^[186]

[edit] Judicial Branch scandals

• Harold Carswell (R): Was not nominated to the U.S. Supreme Court (1970) after publication of a 20-year-old speech: "I yield to no man... in the firm, vigorous belief in the principles of white supremacy." Was also alleged to be hostile to women's rights.^[187] Later arrested in (1976) for homosexual advances in a men's washroom.^[188]

[edit] 1963–1969 Lyndon B. Johnson Administration

[edit] Executive Branch scandals

• Bobby Baker (D), adviser to President Lyndon B. Johnson: resigned after charges of favoritism (1963) ^[189]
• Billy Sol Estes (D): convicted felon who donated to Lyndon Johnson and influenced Texas elections (1961);^[190]

[edit] Legislative Branch scandals

• Ted Kennedy Senator (D-MA) drove his car into the channel between Chappaquiddick Island and Martha's Vineyard, killing passenger Mary Jo Kopechne. Kennedy pleaded guilty to leaving the scene of an accident and received a suspended sentence of two months ^[191] (1969)
• Thomas J. Dodd, Senator (D-CT): Censured by the Senate for financial misconduct (1967)^[192]
• Adam Clayton Powell, Jr. (D-NY): was expelled from Congress but won the special election as his own replacement (1967)^[193]
• Daniel Brewster (D-MD) Senator pleaded no contest to accepting unlawful gratuities without corrupt intent.^[194]

[edit] Judicial Branch scandals

• Abe Fortas, U.S. Supreme Court Justice (D): resigned when he was discovered to be a paid consultant to a convicted criminal. No charges were ever filed. (1969)^[195]

[edit] 1961–1963 John F. Kennedy Administration

[edit] Legislative Branch scandals

• Thomas F. Johnson (D-MD) was convicted of conspiracy and conflict of interest regarding the receipt of illegal gratuities.^[196]
• Frank Boykin (D-AL) Was placed on probation and fined $40,000 following conviction in a case involving a conflict of interest and conspiracy to defraud the government. He was pardoned by President Lyndon Johnson in 1965.^[197]

[edit] 1952–1959 Dwight D. Eisenhower Administration

[edit] Executive Branch scandals

• Richard Nixon (R): Eisenhower's V-P nominee delivers "Checkers Speech", to deflect scandal about $18,000 in gifts, maintaining the only personal gift he had received was a dog (1952)^[198]
• (Llewelyn) Sherman A. Adams (R), Chief of Staff to President Dwight Eisenhower. Cited for Contempt of Congress and forced to resign because he refused to answer questions about an oriental rug and vicuna coat given to his wife.(1958) ^[199]

[edit] Legislative Branch scandals

• McCarthyism: Joseph McCarthy, Senator (R-WI), Head of the House Un-American Activities Committee, which was a well publicized and vicious congressional investigation into the supposed spread of Communism in the military, government, Hollywood and society in general without adequate proof. Aided by Congressman Richard Nixon (R-CA)(1948–1957) ^[200]
• Thomas J. Lane (D-MA) convicted for evading taxes on his congressional income. Served 4 months in prison, but was re-elected three more times^[201] before his 1962 defeat due to re-districting. (1956) ^[202]
• Ernest K. Bramblett (R-CA) Received a suspended sentence and a $5,000 fine in 1955 for making false statements in connection with payroll padding and kickbacks from congressional employees.^[203]

[edit] 1945–1951 Harry S. Truman Administration

[edit] Executive Branch scandals

• A Justice Department investigation of the Internal Revenue Service led to the firing or resignation of 166 lower level employees causing President Harry Truman (D) to be stained with charges of corruption (1950) ^[204]

[edit] Legislative Branch scandals

• Walter E. Brehm (R-OH) convicted of accepting contributions illegally from one of his employees. Received a 15 month suspended sentence and a $5,000 fine.^[205]
• J. Parnell Thomas (R-NJ): a member of the House Committee on Un-American Activities (HUAC), was convicted of salary fraud and given an 18 month sentence and a fine, resigning from Congress in 1950. He was imprisoned in Danbury Prison with two of the Hollywood Ten he had helped put there. After serving his 18 months he was pardoned by Truman (D) in 1952,^[206]
• Andrew J. May (D-KY) Convicted of accepting bribes in 1947 from a war munitions manufacturer. Was sentenced to 9 months in prison, after which he was pardoned by Truman (D) in 1952.^[207]

[edit] 1924–1945

[edit] Legislative Branch

• Marion Zioncheck (D-WA) Killed after he jumped or was possibly pushed out a window in Seattle, WA while still in office. He was known to have been feuding with J. Edgar Hoover. (1936) ^[208]
• Hiram Bingham Senator (R-CT) Censured for hiring to his staff a lobbyist employed by a manufacturing organization. (1929) ^[209]

[edit] Judicial Branch

• Halsted Ritter (R) U.S. District Judge of Florida, impeached for secretly taking a $4,500 fee from a former law partner. Convicted of bringing the judiciary into disrepute (accepting free meals and lodging during receivership proceedings.) Removed from office. (1936) ^[210]
• George English (D) U.S. District Judge of Illinois, impeached for taking an interest-free loan from a bank of which he was director. Resigned before his Senate trial. (1926) ^[211]

[edit] 1920–1923 Warren G. Harding Administration

[edit] Executive Branch scandals

• Warren G. Harding (R) President 1920–1923. See Sex scandals. His administration was also marred by scandals stemming from men in his administration who followed him from Ohio who came to be known as the Ohio Gang. They include;

1. Albert Fall (R) Secretary of the Interior who was bribed by Harry F. Sinclair for control of the Teapot Dome federal oil reserves in Wyoming. He was the first U.S. cabinet member to ever be convicted; he served two years in prison. (1922) ^[212]
2. Edwin C. Denby (R), Secretary of the Navy: resigned for his part in the Teapot Dome oil reserve scandal.^[213]
3. Harry M. Daugherty (R), Attorney General: resigned on March 28, 1924, because of an investigation about a bootlegging kickback scheme by his chief aide Jess Smith. Found not guilty. (1924) ^[214]
4. Jess Smith (R) aid to Attorney General Daugherty (R) who destroyed incriminating papers and then committed suicide.^[214]
5. Charles R. Forbes (R) appointed by Harding as the first director of the new Bureau of Veterans Affairs. After constructing and modernizing VA hospitals, he was convicted of bribery and corruption and sentenced to two years in jail.^[215]
6. Charles Cramer (R) Forbes' general counsel, committed suicide. (1923)
7. Thomas W. Miller (R), Head of the Office of Alien Property: convicted of fraud by selling valuable German patents seized after World War I for far below market price as well as bribery. Served 18 months.^[216]

[edit] Legislative Branch

• Thomas L. Blanton (D-TX) censured for inserting obscene material into the congressional record. A motion to expel him failed by 8 votes.^[217]

[edit] 1900–1920

[edit] Executive Branch

• Newport Sex Scandal: Assistant Secretary of the Navy Franklin D. Roosevelt initiated an investigation into allegations of "immoral conduct" (homosexuality) at the Naval base in Newport, Rhode Island; the investigators were also accused of homosexuality. (1919) ^[218]

[edit] Legislative Branch

• William Lorimer Senator (R-IL), The 'blond boss of Chicago' was expelled from the U.S. Senate in 1912 for accepting bribes.^[219]
• Benjamin R. Tillman and John McLaurin, Senators (D-SC) censured for fighting in the senate chamber.^[220]

[edit] Judicial branch

• Robert Archbald(R) U.S. Commerce Court Judge of Pennsylvania, for corrupt alliances with coal mine workers and railroad officials. Convicted and removed from office. (1912) ^[221]

[edit] 1850–1899

[edit] Executive Branch

• Nehemiah G. Ordway (R) Governor of Dakota Territory: removed by President Chester Arthur after he was indicted for corruption. (1884) ^[222]
• Ezra Ayres Hayt, Commissioner of Indian Affairs: forced to resign by United States Secretary of Interior Carl Schurz due to allegations of rampant corruption (1880)

[edit] Legislative Branch

• Stephen W. Dorsey, Senator (R-AR) Star Route: postal contract corruption (1881)

[edit] 1869–1876 Ulysses S. Grant Administration

[edit] Executive scandals

• William Belknap (R), United States Secretary of War under President Ulysses S. Grant(R): Resigned just before he was impeached by the United States House of Representatives for bribery. (1876) ^[223]
• Whiskey Ring: Massive corruption of Ulysses S. Grant's (R) administration involving whiskey taxes, bribery and kickbacks ending with 110 convictions. (1875) ^[224]

1. Orville E. Babcock (R) Grant's personal secretary was indicted in the Whiskey Ring scandal and again 10 days later in the Safe Burglary Conspiracy. He was acquitted both times.^[224]
2. John J. McDonald (R) Supervisor of the Internal Revenue Service. Convicted and sentenced to three years.^[224]
3. W.O. Avery Chief Clerk of the Treasury Department. Convicted.^[224]

• Sanborn contract: kickback scheme between William Adams Richardson(R) Grant's Secretary of the Treasury and John D. Sanborn (1874) ^[225]
• Black Friday (1869): When financiers Jay Gould and James Fisk tried to corner the gold market by getting Grant's brother in law Abel Corbin to convince Grant to appoint General Daniel Butterfield as Assistant to the Secretary of the Treasury where he could give them insider information.(1869)* ^[226]
• George M. Robeson, Grant's Secretary of the Navy, was admonished by the House for "gross misconduct" and corruption in relation to his dealings with Alexander Cattel. (1876)^[227]
• Salary Grab Act: Act that increased salaries of the President, Congress and the Supreme Court (1873)
• Columbus Delano Secretary of the Interior, resigned after allegedly taking bribes in order to secure fraudulent land grants.^[228]

[edit] Legislative scandals

• Crédit Mobilier of America scandal:^[229]

1. Oakes Ames (R-MA) bribed Congress with Union Pacific stock.
2. James Brooks (D-NY) also implicated; both were censured for their involvement. (1872)

[edit] Judicial scandals

• Mark Delahay U.S. District impeached for misconduct in office and unsuitable personal habits, including intoxication. Resigned before his Senate trial. (1873) ^[230]

[edit] 1865–1868 Andrew Johnson Administration

• Andrew Johnson: President (I) Abraham Lincoln's vice-president, was impeached for violating the Tenure of Office Act. He was acquitted by one vote. (1868) ^[231]

[edit] 1861–1865 Abraham Lincoln Administration

• Simon Cameron (R): Lincoln's Secretary of War resigned in 1862 due to corruption charges. His behavior was so notorious that Congressman Thaddeus Stevens, when discussing Cameron's honesty with Lincoln, told him that "I don't think that he would steal a red hot stove". When Cameron demanded Stevens retract this statement, Stevens told Lincoln "I believe I told you he would not steal a red-hot stove. I will now take that back." (1860–1862) ^[232]

[edit] 1857–1860 James Buchanan Administration

• Preston Brooks (D) Congressman from South Carolina burst onto the floor of the US Senate and beat Senator Charles Sumner (D) with a cane until he was bleeding and unconscious while two others held the Senate off at gun point. (1856) ^[233]

[edit] 1849–1850 Zachary Taylor Administration

[edit] Executive Branch

• George W. Crawford (Whig-GA) Secretary of War in the Cabinet of President Zachary Taylor (Whig) was the center of the Galphin Affair land scandal with the help of Reverdy Johnson (Whig) Attorney General and William M. Meredith (Whig) Secretary of the Treasury, in which Crawford defrauded the federal government of $191,353. (1849) ^[234]

[edit] 1829–1837 Andrew Jackson Administration

• Samuel Swartwout was appointed by President Andrew Jackson to the New York City Collector's Office. At the end of his term he had embezzled $1.225 million in customs receipts and used the monies to purchase land. He fled to Europe to avoid prosecution.^[235]
• Robert Potter: Congressman from North Carolina who resigned after castrating two men he believed were having an affair with his wife.(1831) ^[236]

[edit] 1801–1808 Thomas Jefferson Administration

• General James Wilkinson: was appointed to be Governor of the upper Louisianna Purchase. He then conspired with Spain to get Kentucky to secede from the Union in order to be allowed shipping on the Mississippi. (1787–1811) ^[237]

• Aaron Burr: New Empire (Southwest) Burr conspiracy (1804–1807) In which Burr allegedly tried to seize a large part of the Louisiana Purchase and establish his own country. He was arrested for treason, but was acquitted for lack of evidence. (1807) ^[238]
• Aaron Burr: duel with Alexander Hamilton (1804). See also Burr's "New Empire" conspiracy ^[239]

[edit] Legislative Branch

• Corrupt Bargain: supposed bargain by John Quincy Adams with Henry Clay (1824)

[edit] 1789–1797 George Washington Administration

• John Pickering, Federal Judge appointed by George Washington was impeached and convicted in absentia by the U.S. Senate for drunkenness and use of profanity on the bench in spite of the fact neither act was a high crime or misdemeanor. (1804) ^[240]
• William Blount Senator (Democratic-Republican-TN) Expelled from the Senate for trying to aid the British in a takeover of West Florida. (1797) ^[241]

[edit] 1777–1800

[edit] Executive Branch

• XYZ Affair: French seizure of over 300 US ships and demands for bribes and apologies, led to a Quasi-War causing the US Congress to issue the famous phrase, "Millions for defense, sir, but not one cent for tribute!" Real war was averted by treaty. (1777–1800) ^[242]
• Conway Cabal: movement or conspiracy to remove George Washington as commander of the Continental Army by Thomas Conway and Horatio Gates (1777–1778) ^[243]
• Silas Deane: accused of mismanagement and treason while ambassador to France. Intending to clear himself of the charges he died suddenly, and the charges were eventually reversed or dropped. (1777) ^[244]
• Matthew Lyon (Democratic-Republican KY). First Congressman recommended for censure for spitting on Ralph Griswold (Federalist-CN). The censure failed to pass.^[245] Also found guilty of violating John Adam's Sedition acts and sentenced to four months in jail, during which he was re-elected (1798) ^[246]

[edit] State scandals

Listed in alphabetic order by state within each time period.

[edit] 2010–

• Alabama Four state senators and 7 others were indicted for fraud, bribery and conspiracy concerning the state's gambling laws. (2010)^[247] Accused include;

1. Harri Anne Smith (R) running this year as an Independent
2. James Prueitt (R)
3. James Means (D)
4. Quinton Ross Jr. (D)

• California State Senator Roy Ashburn (R) of Bakersfield. The divorced father of four was noted leaving a gay bar and then arrested on two counts of DUI. He then admitted he was gay on a local radio station, even though he had voted against several gay rights initiatives. (2010) ^[248]

• Colorado former Congressman and Gubernatorial Candidate Scott McInnis (R-CO) lost the primary election for governor after revelations surfaced that he plagiarized an essay on water rights, for which he was paid $300,000.^[249]

• Florida GOP Chairman Jim Greer (R) resigned from his position and was later arrested on 6 counts of fraud for stealing almost $200,000 from the Republican Party (United States). (2010) ^[250]

• Illinois Governor Rod Blagojevich (D) who was impeached and removed from office in 2008, was tried on 24 counts of corruption, racketeering, bribery and mail fraud. He was found guilty of one count of lying to the FBI.^[251]

• Mississippi Judge Bobby DeLaughter Was made famous for finally convicting Bryon De La Beckwith in 1994 for the murder of civil rights leader Medgar Evers in 1963. DeLaughter pled quilty one count of lying to the FBI and was sentenced to 18 months in prison.^[252]

• New York State Senator Hiram Monserrate (D-NY) of the 13th District, was expelled by the New York State Senate on February 9, 2010 in connection with a misdemeanor assault conviction against his girlfriend. ^[253]
• New York businessman Carl Paladino (R-NY) running for Governor of New York and supported by the Tea Party movement has admitted to his wife and children that he also has a ten-year-old daughter from an extramarital relationship with his former employee, Suzanne Brady.^[254]

• New York State Senator Efrain Gonzalez (D-NY) On May 25, 2010, Gonzalez was sentenced to 84 months (7 years) in prison, followed by two years supervised release, after pleading guilty to two conspiracy counts and two wire fraud counts in May 2009.^[255][256]

• Pennsylvania State Representative Mike Veon (D) was found guilty on 14 counts of illegal campaign fund raising. (2010) ^[257][258]
• Pennsylvania State Senator Vince Fumo (D) On March 16, 2009, Fumo was found guilty of 137 counts of corruption and was facing a minimum of ten years in prison. His former aide, Ruth Arnao, was found guilty of 45 counts against her.^[259] On July 14, 2009, Fumo was sentenced to 55 months in prison.^[260]

• Utah State Representative Sheldon Killpack (R) The Utah House Majority Leader before Garn, resigned after being charged with suspicion of DUI. (2010) ^[261]

[edit] 2000–2009

• Alabama Governor Don Siegelman (D-AL) was found guilty of bribery, mail fraud and obstruction of justice 6/29/2006, and sentenced to 88 months.^[262]
• Alabama State Senator Edward McClain (D-AL) Convicted on January 21, 2009 in the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Alabama ^[263] on 48 counts of money laundering, mail fraud, bribery and conspiracy.^[264] Lost his seat because of the conviction.^[265]

• Alaska Governor Sarah Palin (R-AK) Vice president nominee in the 2008 elections. Troopergate refers to her alleged dismissal of Walt Monegan because he wouldn't fire State Trooper Mike Wooten, Palin's ex-brother-in-law.

1. A bipartisan Council of Alaskan State Senators and Representatives found that Palin "abused her power" and violated the State Executive Ethics Act.^{[266][267][268]}
2. In response, Palin asked a three person state personnel board to investigate and found no wrong-doing. However, some ridiculed the move, noting that the personnel board was appointed by Palin herself.^[269] The three person board included one who was reappointed by Palin (the Governor appoints members to the Board) and another who contributed to her campaign.^[270][271]

• Alaska political corruption probe in which VECO Corporation an oilfield service corporation, was investigated by the IRS, FBI and Department of Justice. Veco executives Bill Allen and VP Rick Smith pled guilty to federal charges of extortion, bribery, and conspiracy to impede the Internal Revenue Service.^[272] The charges involved bribing Alaska lawmakers who came to be known as the "Corrupt Bastards Club" ^[273] to vote in favor of an oil tax law favored by VECO that was the subject of vigorous debate during the regular and two special sessions of the Alaska Legislature in 2006,^[274] and were part of a larger probe of political corruption in Alaska by federal authorities.

1. Thomas Anderson (R) State Representative for District 19. Found guilty of seven felony counts of extortion, bribery, conspiracy, and money laundering. Sentenced on October 15, 2007 to a term of 60 months in prison.^[275]
2. Pete Kott (R) State Representative for District 17. On September 25, 2007, he was found guilty on three charges of bribery and sentenced to six years in prison and fined $10,000.^[276]
3. Vic Kohring (R) State Representative convicted on November 1, 2007, of 3 counts of bribery by the Veco Corporation. In May 2008 he was sentenced to three and a half years in prison.^[277]
4. Jim Clark (R) Chief of Staff to Governor Frank Murkowski (R). On March 4, 2008, Clark pleaded guilty to one felony conspiracy charge involving the Alaska political corruption probe.# ^[278]
5. Bruce Weyhrauch (R) State Representative of Juneau was sentenced to five years.^[279]
6. John Cowdery (R) State Senator of O district. Pled guilty to lesser charges on 3/10/09. [8] Sentenced to six months house arrest and a $25,000 fine.
7. Ted Stevens US Senator (R-AK) The Veco Corporation was also responsible for "extensive" remodeling at Stevens' home which doubled in size. Stevens was convicted on all seven charges on October 27, 2008. The charges were later dismissed by Attorney General Eric Holder (D) on April 1, 2009 citing problems with the federal prosecutors case. See Federal scandals.^[60]

• California State Representative Michael Duvall (R-CA) The conservative, family values married politician and father of two, resigned abruptly after talking with another legislator over a microphone that was live, during which he described two of his currrent affairs. ^[280]

• California State Senator Carole Migden (D-CA) The Fair Political Practices Commission (FPPC) found 89 violations in campaign finance reporting. The FPPC settled the dispute with Migden for a record $350,000 fine. Migden would go on to lose her reelection bid to fellow Democrat Assemblyman Mark Leno(2008) ^[281]

• California Secretary of State Kevin Shelley (D-CA) was accused of laundering campaign funds and sexual abuse,^[282] though he was never charged. He later resigned. (2005)
• California Insurance Commissioner Chuck Quackenbush (R-CA) resigned on June 28, 2000, rather than face impeachment for campaign-finance violations arising out of insurance-industry settlements after the 1994 Northridge earthquake. However, prosecutors later found no wrongdoings and dismissed all charges.^[283] (2000)

• Connecticut Governor John G. Rowland (R-CT) Rowland resigned from office during a corruption investigation, and later pleaded guilty in federal court to a one-count with conspiracy to commit mail fraud and tax fraud. (2004) ^[284] He served ten months in a federal prison followed by four months house arrest, ending in June, 2006.

• Florida, Senator Gary Siplin (D-FL) was convicted of third-degree felony and grand theft of $5,000 or more for using state employees for his election campaign. The felony conviction was dropped on appeal. (2006) ^[285]

• Georgia Schools Superintendent Linda Schrenko (R-GA) sentenced to 8 years in prison for embezzlement of federal education funds.^[286]
• Georgia Congressman David Scott (D-GA) has expended $52,000 to $344,000 to himself, friends, family and business from campaigns every election cycle since 2002. Shortly after the 2006 election, he was served with an IRS tax lien for over $153,000.^[287]

• Illinois Governor Rod Blagojevich (D-IL) was arrested at his home by Federal Agents and charged with conspiracy to commit mail, wire fraud and solicitation of bribery. He was also accused of "Pay to Play" schemes, including the auction of President Barack Obama's vacated U.S. Senate seat to the highest bidder. For these alleged crimes he was impeached and removed from office by 59-0 votes of the Illinois Senate.(January 28, 2009) ^[288]

1. Lon Monk (D) former chief of staff to Rod Blagojevich plead quilty to one count of mail fraud (2009)^[289]
2. Christopher Kelly (D) advisor to Rod Blagojevich plead guilty to fax fraud. (2009) ^[290]

• Illinois Governor George H. Ryan (R-IL) illegal sale of government licenses and contracts as Secretary of IL State and Governor. Convicted of 18 counts of corruption. (2006) ^[291]

• Kentucky Governor Ernie Fletcher (R-KY) indicted for illegal hiring and firing of state employees. Charges were later dropped under an agreement with the Attorney General.^[292]

• Louisiana Governor Edwin Edwards (D-LA) convicted of extortion, mail fraud and money laundering. (2000) ^[293]
• Louisiana Insurance Commissioner James H. "Jim" Brown (D-LA) convicted of lying to FBI investigators.^[294]

• Massachusetts Speaker of the House Thomas Finneran (D-MA) plead guilty to one count of obstruction of justice concerning allegations of misconduct during residtricting. On January 5, 2007, prior to the start of the scheduled criminal trial ^[295] The guilty plea was Finn in exchange for federal prosecutors' dropping perjury charges against him which allowed him to avoid jail time. (2004)
• Massachusetts Speaker of the House Salvatore DiMasi (D-MA) resigned January 25, 2009, after being indicted on charges of corruption and extortion in connection with the state's computer contracts. ^[296]
• Massachusetts State Senator Diane Wilkerson (D-MA) was video taped by the FBI stuffing bribe money into her bra. Also charged with tax evasion (1997), ethics violations (2001) and perjury (2005). She resigned the Senate in November 2008, but still faces charges.

• Maryland State Senator Thomas L. Bromwell (D-MD) was convicted in 2007 and sentenced to 7 years in prison for racketeering, corruption and fraud to benefit construction company Poole and Kent.^[297]

• Missouri State Senator Jeff Smith (D) Resigned from the Senate effective August 25, 2009 after confessing to two counts of obstruction of justice. He was sentenced to 1 year and a day of prison. He also was fined $50,000.^[298]

• Nebraska State Treasurer Lorelee Byrd (R-NE) Pled guilty plea to one misdemeanor charge of misconduct and resigned in 2003.^[299]

• Nevada State Controller Kathy Augustine (R-NV) impeached and convicted, but not removed from office. (2004) ^[300]

• New Jersey Operation Bid Rig: An FBI sting operation indicted 44 New Jersey officials and several Rabbis, mainly for bribery, counterfeiting of intellectual property, money laundering, organ harvesting, and political corruption. Arrested were:

1. Daniel M. Van Pelt(R) NJ State Assemblyman (representative). Resigned after indictment for bribery.^[301]
2. Acting Mayor of Jersey City L. Harvey Smith(D) indicted for accepting a briber.^[302]
3. Mayor of Hoboken Peter J. Cammarano (D) Plead guilty to accepting a bribe.^[303]
4. Mayor of Secaucus Dennis Elwell (politician) (D) Resigned afted being accused of accepting a bribe.^[304]
5. Mayor of Ridgefield Anthony Suarez(D) charged with accepting a bribe.^[305]

• New Jersey Mayor of Newark Sharpe James (D) Was convicted of corruption charges including, mail fraud, conspiracy, wire fraud. (2007) ^[306]
• New Jersey State Senator Wayne Bryant (D-NJ) pension padding, no-show jobs, mail fraud, wire fraud and bribery. (2007) ^[307]
• New Jersey Former State Senator Joseph Coniglio (D-NJ) indicted for abusing state grants, mail fraud and extortion. (2008)

• New Mexico State Senate Leader Manny Aragon (D-NM) was found guilty of three counts of conspiracy to defraud 4.4 million from the State of New Mexico. (2009) ^[308]

• New York State Senator and Republican Majority Leader Joseph Bruno (R-NY). On January 23, 2009, Bruno was indicted on eight counts of corruption, including mail and wire fraud. He was convicted on two counts of wire fraud.^[309]
• New York State Representative Brian McLaughlin (D-NY) was arrested in 2008 and sentenced to ten years in prison for racketeering.(2009) ^[310]

• North Carolina Governor Mike Easley (D-NC) involved in several scandals, including questions regarding missing e-mails, travel irregularities, and accusations of nepotism regarding his wife's employment by North Carolina State University. (2009)
• North Carolina Commissioner of Agriculture Meg Scott Phipps (D-NC) pleaded guilty to campaign finance charges and served three years in prison. (2003) ^[311]
• North Carolina Representative James B. Black pleaded guilty to a federal charge of public corruption on February 15, 2007, a felony carrying a maximum sentence of 10 years in prison and a $250,000 fine.^[312]

• Oklahoma State Auditor Jeff McMahan (D-OK) convicted of accepting bribes.^[313] (2008)

• Ohio Governor Bob Taft (R-OH) pleads no contest and is convicted on four first-degree misdemeanor ethics violations (2005)
• Ohio Coingate The Bureau of Workers' Compensation loss of $215 million in a high-risk fund and loss of $50 million in state funds in a rare-coin investment fund run by Tom Noe. Most of the money went to the Ohio Republican Party. (2005)
• Ohio Attorney General Marc Dann (D-OH) resigns from the post of Attorney General because of a sex scandal and harassment with aides. He resigned on May 14, 2008. Ohio's three important newspapers had called for his resignation.

• Pennsylvania State Senator Vincent Fumo (D-PA) was found guilty of 139-counts of mail fraud, wire fraud, conspiracy, obstruction of justice and filing a false tax return. Two staffers were also arrested and indicted on charges of destroying electronic evidence, including e-mail related to the investigation. (2009) ^[259]
• Pennsylvania State Senator Gerald LaValle (D-PA) under investigation for nearly $50,000 in "unauthorized" compensation paid to his wife Darla by a non-profit funded by state grants. (2007)
• Pennsylvania State Representative Thomas W. Druce (R) was convicted in 2000 of a 1999 hit and run that killed a man. He served two years in prison before his release in 2006.^[314][315]
• Pennsylvania State Representative Linda Bebko-Jones (D-PA) and her chief-of-staff were charged with forging some of the signatures on their nominating petitions. They were both sentenced to 12 months probation and fined $1,500 with community service. (2007)
• Pennsylvania State Representative Frank LaGrotta (D-PA) plead guilty to 2-counts of corruption for giving away $26,000 of state funds to family members through ghost employment in the 2006 Pennsylvania General Assembly bonus controversy. Sentenced to 6 months house arrest, probation, and fines. (2007)
• Pennsylvania State Senator Bill Slocum (R-PA) pled guilty to six criminal misdemeanor charges for filing false reports to the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection and discharging 3.5 million gallons of raw sewage into Brokenstraw Creek while he was a sewage plant manager in Youngsville, Pennsylvania.^[316] (2000)
• Pennsylvania State Representative Frank Gigliotti (D) was convicted and sentenced in 2000 to 46 months incarceration for extortion, mail fraud, and filing a false income tax return.^[317]
• Pennsylvania State Senator F. Joseph Loeper (R) In 2000 Loeper pled guilty in federal court of falsifying tax-related documents to conceal more than $330,000 in income he received from a private consulting firm while serving in the Senate.^[318][319] He resigned his senate seat on December 31, 2000,^[320] and was later released from federal prison at Fort Dix, New Jersey, after serving 6 months.^[321]

• South Carolina State Treasurer Thomas Ravenel (R-SC) convicted on cocaine charges.^[322]

• Tennessee Operation Tennessee Waltz An FBI sting operation between 2003 and 2007 in which a number of state and local representatives were arrested including;^[323]

1. John Ford State Senator (D) Sentenced to 66 months for bribery.
2. Kathryn Bowers State Senator (D) Pled guilty to one count of bribery.
3. Ward Crutchfield State Senator (D) Pled guilty to one count of bribery.^[324]
4. Chris Newton State Representative (R) Sentenced to one year for bribery.

• Texas Judge Sharon Keller (R) Presiding Judge of the Texas Court of Criminal Appeals. After a US Supreme Court action, on September 25, 2007, lawyers for convicted killer Michael Wayne Richard wanted a stay of execution. Due to computer problems, however, they could not file the request before 5pm when the clerk's office closed and requested to file late. When asked, Judge Keller stated that the clerk's office must close at 5, and Richard was executed later that night. On February 19, 2009 a motion of impeachment was filed with the state legislature. (2009) ^[325]

• Puerto Rico Governor Aníbal Acevedo Vilá (D) was indicted by the United States on four charges of corruption and conspiracy. He was acquitted on all counts. (2009) ^[326]

[edit] 1990–1999

• Alabama Governor H. Guy Hunt (R-AL) was convicted of improperly using campaign money and resigned from office.(1993) He received a full pardon four years later, due to the confession of his accountant, Gene McKenzie (1998).^[327]

• Arizona "AZSCAM" legislators caught on videotape taking payoffs for favors to gambling figure. Ten members resigned or removed. (1991)
• Arizona Governor John Fife Symington III (R-AZ) was convicted on charges of extortion, making false financial statements, and of bank fraud in 1997.^[328] The conviction was overturned in 1999 by the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals. Before retrial, he was pardoned by President Bill Clinton.^[329]

• Arkansas Governor James Guy Tucker, Jr. (D-AR), convicted of fraud conspiracy (1996); See related Whitewater scandal, under Federal-level scandals
• Arkansas Governor William Jefferson Clinton (D-AR): See Federal-level scandals, the accusations of which followed him as US President

• California Senator Alan Robbins (D-CA) and Senate Insurance Committee Chairman resigned on November 21, 1991, in advance of pleading guilty to federal racketeering charges in connection with insurance-industry bribes.

• Florida Katherine Harris (R-FL) is elected to the State Senate in 1994 after receiving at least $20,000 in donations from key Riscorp employees who had been given bonuses specifically to enable their donations. Several other prominent Florida politicians were accused of writing preferential legislation that benefited Riscorp.

• Illinois state representative James DeLeo (D-IL) caught in the "Operation Greylord" investigation of corruption in Cook County. He was indicted by a federal grand jury for taking bribes and negotiated guilty plea on a misdemeanor tax offense, and was placed on probation (1992)
• Illinois state representative Joe Kotlarz (D-IL) convicted and sentenced to jail for theft and conspiracy for pocketing in about $200,000 for a sale of state land to a company he once served as legal counsel (1997)
• Illinois state senator Bruce A. Farley (D-IL) sentenced to 18 months in prison for mail fraud (1999)
• Illinois state senator John A. D’Arco Jr. (D-IL) served about 3 years in prison for bribery and extortion (1995)

• Kentucky Majority leader Don Blandford (D-KY), of the Kentucky House of Representatives sent to prison for taking bribes in 1992. (approximately 10% of Kentucky's legislature was implicated in this scandal, some took bribes for as little as $100).

• Massachusetts Speaker of the House Charles Flaherty (D-MA) plead guilty to felony tax evasion for submitting false receipts regarding his business expenses and to violations of the state conflict of interests law. ^[330] (1996)

• Maryland politician Ruthann Aron (R) (Montgomery County Planning Board member and former 1994 Republican candidate for U.S. Senate) who ran on a "tough on crime" platform convicted of hiring "contract" hit man William H. Mossburg Jr., in 1997, to kill her husband and a lawyer (1998)

• Minnesota State Senator Sam Solon (D-MN) Pleaded guilty in 1995 to telecommunications fraud for letting his ex-wife make $2,430 in calls on his State Senate telephone line.

• Missouri Secretary of State Judith Moriarty (D-MO) impeached for misconduct involving back-dating of her son's election paperwork to hide a missed filing deadline.^[331]
• Missouri Attorney General William L. Webster (R-MO) sentenced to two years in prison for conspiracy in a scheme that rewarded lawyers who donated to his campaign with bigger settlements. (1993) ^[332]

• Nebraska State Treasurer Frank Marsh (R-NE) convicted of misdemeanor charges for making personal, long-distance telephone calls (1991)

• New York highest court Chief Judge Sol Wachtler, scandal involving obscene telephone calls and extortion (1993)

• Oklahoma Governor David Lee Walters (D-OK) pleaded guilty to misdemeanor election law violation (1993)

• Pennsylvania Attorney General Ernie Preate (R-PA) pleaded guilty to mail fraud. (1995) ^[333]

• Texas Judge Sharon Keller (R) Presiding Judge of the Texas Court of Criminal Appeals created controversy when she refused a retrial for a mentally disabled man, Roy Criner, despite DNA evidence which appeared to prove his innocence. In 2000, then-Governor George W. Bush pardoned Criner. See local scandals 2009 (1998)

• West Virginia Governor Arch A. Moore Jr (R) guilty of mail fraud, tax fraud, extortion and obstruction of justice, (1990) .^[334]

• District of Columbia Mayor Marion Barry (D-DC) caught on videotape using drugs in an FBI sting (1990)

[edit] 1980–1989

• Arizona Governor Evan Mecham (R-AZ) Faced with recall, pending criminal charges for illegal financial dealings (of which he was later acquitted), amidst public outcry over his derogatory remarks about African-Americans and gays, and his cancellation of Arizona's observance of the Martin Luther King holiday (which led to a boycott of Arizona by various groups). He was impeached and removed from office. (1988)

• Illinois Operation Greylord, involving influence peddling and bribery of Circuit Court judges (1980s)

• Maryland State Senator Tommie Broadwater, Jr. (D-MD), convicted of food stamp fraud. (1983)
• Maryland State Senator Clarence Mitchell III (D-MD), sentenced to 2½ years for bribery and obstruction in regards to the Wedtech scandal (1988) ^[335]
• Maryland State Senator Michael Mitchell (D-MD), (brother of Clarence) sentenced to 2½ years for bribery and obstruction in regards to the Wedtech scandal (1988) ^[335]

• Minnesota gubernatorial candidate Jon Grunseth (R-MN) dropped out of the race two weeks before the election when he admitted to a skinny dipping party with his 13 year old daughter and three of her friends. (1989) ^[336]

• Nebraska Omaha Mayor Mike Boyle (D-NE) was recalled in a special election after being accused of misconduct in office. (1987)
• Nebraska Attorney General Paul Douglas (D-NE) impeached for his dealings with the head of a failed savings and loan. (1984)

• New York Lee Alexander Mayor of Syracuse, (D-NY), Was indicted in July 1987 over a $1.5 million kickback scandal and pled guilty to racketeering and tax evasion charges. Served 6 years in prison. (1988)

• Ohio Donald E. "Buz" Lukens Convicted Contributing to the Delinquincy of a Minor and sentenced to 30 days in jail and fined $500. See Sex scandals 1990 and Legislative scandals 1982 ^[337]
• Ohio Summit County Probate Judge James V. Barbuto was accused of trading sexual favors with female defendants for leniency in their cases. He was exposed on national TV by newsman Geraldo Rivera (1980) who emphasized his preference for being spanked while wearing women's undergarments. Classified here because it was less a sex scandal than a "crooked judge" scandal,

Los Angeles Times.

• Oklahoma OkScam, or the County Commissioner scandal, A kickback scandal resulting in the conviction of 200 individuals, including over 2/3rds of the sitting county commissioners, representing 60 of the 77 Oklahoma counties. (1981–1984)

• Pennsylvania State Treasurer R. Budd Dwyer (R) was found guilty of one count of bribery and then committed suicide on television before he was to be sentenced. (1987) ^[338]

• Rhode Island Governor Edward D. DiPrete (R) 1985–91, pled guilty to bribery, extortion and racketeering.

• Tennessee: Operation Rocky Top In 1986, FBI and Tennessee Bureau of Investigation launched a three year undercover investigation into bribery of state officials and other illegal activities related to charity bingo. It resulted in 50 convictions including, state House Majority Leader Tommy Burnett (D-TN). In addition, the Tennessee Secretary of State, Gentry Crowell (D-TN) committed suicide, as did State Representative Ted Ray Miller of Knoxville. (1989)

[edit] 1970–1979

• Illinois Secretary of State Paul Powell (politician) (D-IL) was found with $800,000 in cash in a shoe box in his hotel room. He died in 1970 and was never convicted (1970)
• Illinois Governor Otto Kerner (D-IL) Served from 1961 to 1968. Was finally convicted of bribery, conspiracy, income-tax evasion, mail fraud and perjury in connection with money he earned from racetrack stock while governor. He had been appointed a District Judge but resigned when found guilty in 1974.

• Louisiana Attorney General Jack P. F. Gremillion (D-LA) sentenced to three years in prison for perjury for covering up his dealings with a failed savings and loan. (1972)^[339]

• Maryland Governor Spiro Agnew (R-MD) (see Federal-level scandals), as he was not convicted until after he became Nixon's VP) Convicted (1973)
• Maryland Governor Marvin Mandel (D-MD) convicted of mail fraud and racketeering (1977)

• New Jersey Newark mayor Hugh Addonizio (D-NJ) convicted of corruption. In the words of the judge in his case, the mayor was "literally delivering the city into the hands of organized crime".

• New York State Senator Hiram Monserrate (D) was expelled from the state senate when he was convicted third degree assault against his girl friend.^[340]

• Ohio Cincinnati City Council member (and later Mayor) Jerry Springer (D) resigned in 1974 after a vice investigation uncovered that he had paid a prostitute with a personal check.

• Oklahoma Governor David Hall (D) Three days after leaving office in January, 1975, Hall was indicted for a conspiracy involving Hall and Secretary of State John Rogers willfully steering State of Oklahoma employee retiree funds to investment funds controlled by Dallas, Texas, businessman W. W. "Doc" Taylor. Upon his conviction two months later for bribery and extortion,^[341] he became the first Oklahoma Governor to be convicted of criminal acts committed during his tenure.

• Pennsylvania State Senator Frank Mazzei (D) Was found guilty of extortion in 1975.^[342][343] He entered federal prison in December 1975.^[344]

• Tennessee Governor Ray Blanton (D-TN) (1976–1979) lost his reelection bid after exposure of a bribery scandal. Just before leaving office, he issued a large number of pardons to convicted felons, apparently in exchange for bribes. His successor was sworn in ahead of schedule in order to terminate Blanton's issuance of pardons.
• Texas George Parr (D), the so-called "Duke of Duval County", suspected but never convicted of various illegal activities, including ballot box stuffing and fraud (1905–1975)
• Texas The Veterans' Land Board scandal tainted many prominent state politicians, including Governor Allan Shivers (D-TX) in (1954)
• Texas Sharpstown scandal (1971–1972)
• West Virginia Governor William W. Barron (D) 1961–65, guilty of jury tampering, sentenced to 5 years in prison. (1971)* ^[334]
• Michigan Governor John B. Swainson (D) pled guilty to perjury in 1975.

[edit] 1940–1969

• Arkansas Attorney General Bruce Bennett (D-AR) charged with 28 counts of wire fraud and securities violations relating to a failed savings and loan. His poor health prevented the case from going to trial. (1969) ^[345]
• Illinois Auditor of Public Accounts Orville Hodge (R) pleaded guilty to bank fraud, embezzlement and forgery and was sentenced to 15 years in prison in 1956.
• Louisiana Governor Earl Long (D-LA) committed to insane asylum while in office (1959)
• Massachusetts James Michael Curley (D)Served four terms as mayor of Boston until convicted of mail fraud. In June 1947, he was sentenced to 6–18 months in a federal prison. Curley served five months before being pardoned by President Truman. (1947)
• New Hampshire former Governor Llewelyn Sherman Adams (R-NH), Chief of Staff to President Eisenhower, forced from office in "Vicuna Coat" scandal involving giving special favors to givers of gifts (1958)

[edit] 1900–1939

• California San Francisco Mayor Eugene Edward Schmitz and Abe Ruef convicted of graft and bribery, including misconduct during the Great Earthquake (1906–1907); convictions later overturned on appeal. (1907)

• Illinois Governor Lennington Small (R-IL), indicted for corruption, but not convicted, paroled or pardoned over 1,000 convicted felons. Retired to run a speakeasy. (1924–1929)
• Illinois Chicago Mayor William Hale Thompson (R), a crony of Al Capone's, was corrupt during both terms (1915–23) and (1927–31). Eventually convicted.
• Illinois Chicago alderman Bathhouse John Coughlin and Michael Kenna nicknamed "Hinky Dink", were the so-called "Lords of the Levee", a notorious area on the southside, where they extracted huge protection payments from the gambling and prostitution dens. (1920s)

• Indiana Governor Warren McCray (R-IN): forced to resign after conviction for mail fraud (1924)
• Indiana Governor Edward L. Jackson (R-IN): taking bribes and trying to bribe a previous governor on behalf of the Ku Klux Klan (1928)

• Kentucky Lt. Governor Henry Denhardt (D-KY) accused of murder in the death of his girlfriend. His trial ended in a hung jury.^[346]

• Louisiana Governor Huey Long (D-LA) alleged to have engaged in various improprieties while governor. An attempted impeachment was defeated by Long's allies in the state legislature. (1929)
• Louisiana Richard W. Leche Governor (D-LA) 1936–39, resigned in 1939 for corruption, convicted in 1940 for mail fraud, corruption, and bribery. Sentenced to 10 years, pardoned by Truman in 1953.

• Missouri Thomas J. Pendergast (D-MO) Kansas City councilman and leader of a powerful political machine was convicted of tax fraud (1939)

• New York Tammany Hall, Democratic Party political machine (1854–1934) See Federal-level scandals, because the influence of the New York City political machine was felt at the national level
• New York Governor William Sulzer (D-NY) impeached and removed for campaign finance violations. (1913)^[331]

• North Dakota Governor William Langer (R-ND) removed from office (1934) for alleged racketeering
• North Dakota Governor Thomas H. Moodie (D-ND) impeached and removed from office for not meeting the constitutional requirements for office.(1935)^[331]

• Oklahoma Governor Henry S. Johnston (D-OK) impeached twice, second time convicted and removed (1928–1929)
• Oklahoma Governor John C. Walton (D-OK) impeached and removed (1923)
• Oklahoma Governor James B. A. Robertson (D-OK) involved in political scandals with administering federal funds. (1920) ^[331]

• Tennessee Governor Henry Hollis Horton (D-TN) impeached and acquitted. (1931) ^[331]

• Texas Governor James Edward Ferguson (D-TX) Also known as "PA", was impeached and removed from office for financial misconduct (1917)
• Texas Governor Miriam A. Ferguson (D-TX), also known as "MA", first woman elected Governor of a state in the U.S. and wife of the removed ex-governor, was implicated in the same financial improprieties that had brought "Pa" down causing her to lose the Democratic primary in 1926

[edit] 1800–1899

• Arkansas Governor Powell Clayton (R-AR) investigated for corruption but cleared (1868–1871)
• Florida Governor Harrison Reed (R-FL) subjected to three separate impeachment inquiries (1868–1872)
• Georgia Yazoo land scandal: repeated conspiracies to sell millions of acres in Georgia (1790–1803)
• Kansas Governor Charles Robinson (R-KS) impeached but acquitted of state bond scheme (1862)
• Kentucky State Treasurer James "Honest Dick" Tate (D-KY) ran off with the entire state treasury and was impeached (1888)
• Kentucky 1899 gubernatorial election dispute leading to armed conflict and assassination of William Goebel (D-KY) (1900)
• Mississippi Governor John A. Quitman(D-MS) resigned (1851) after indictment for violation of Neutrality Act in connection with Cuban insurrection against Spain (later acquitted of charges)
• Nebraska Governor David C. Butler (R-NE) impeached and removed from office (1871)
• North Carolina Governor William Woods Holden (R-NC) impeached and removed from office in corruption scandal (1870)
• Oregon Governor La Fayette Grover (D-OR) (later U.S. Senator) implicated, but eventually exonerated, in vote-rigging scheme to give Oregon's electoral votes in the 1876 presidential election to Samuel Tilden (D)
• Wisconsin Governor William Augustus Barstow (D-WI) resigned 1856 amid investigation of corrupt business practices and election wrongdoing

[edit] Local scandals

[edit] 2010-present

• California Mayor Oscar Hernandez, City Manager Robert Rizzo and six others were charged September 21, 2010 with misappropriation of public funds, corruption and perjury.^[347] Mr. Rizzo was paid a salary of $787,638 per year.

[edit] 2000–2009

• Alabama Birmingham Mayor Larry Langford (D-AL) was arrested on December 1, 2008 by the FBI on a 101 count indictment alleging conspiracy, bribery, fraud, money laundering, and filing false tax returns in connection with a long-running bribery scheme.

• Florida Orlando mayor Buddy Dyer (D-FL) jailed on suspicions of electoral fraud in March 2005; charges were dismissed in April 2005 and he returned to office. Ernest Page served as interim mayor while Dyer was facing charges. In 2006, Ernest Page (D) was arrested and convicted for bribery and official misconduct while in the mayor's office; he was sentenced to 42 months in prison.^[348]

• Illinois Mayor Nicholas Blase of Niles, IL was sentenced to one year and one day in prison for a kickback scheme in which he got 25% for city business steered to a friend.(2010)^[349]
• Illinois City Clerk of Chicago Walter S. Kozubowski (D) was sentenced to 5 years in prison for mail fraud.
• Illinois Alderman of Chicago John S. Madrzyk (D) sentenced to 41 months in prison for mail fraud.
• Illinois Secretary of State Jesse White (D-IL) introduced secretary and friend Donna Lumpkins Floyd to numerous legislators, and encouraged them to give $175,000 of the taxpayers' money to her charity. However, there was no charity, and Floyd said that White destroyed all transaction records. After an investigation, the Illinois State Board of Elections fined White $800,000.
• Illinois Chicago Hired Truck Program (2005)
• Illinois Alderman of Chicago Percy Giles (D-IL) sentenced to 3 years in prison for racketeering, extortion, among other things in 2000.
• Illinois Alderman of Chicago from the 20th ward Arenda Troutman (D) was arrested and charged with bribery in 2007.
• Illinois City Clerk of Chicago Jim Laski (D-IL) pleaded guilty to pocketing bribes for steering city business to trucking companies (2006).
• Illinois Alderman of Chicago from the 29th ward Issac 'Ike' Carothers (D) Was indicted for bribery and Tax evasion and sentenced to 28 months in prison.(2009) ^[350]
• Illinois Alderman of Chicago Ed Vrdolyak (R) plead guilty to Tax and Mail Fraud charges.^[351]
• Illinois businessman Antoin Rezko, a member of Barack Obama's (D) senate fundraising committee was convicted by U.S. Attorney Patrick Fitzgerald of 16 felony corruption charges (June 2008)
• Illinois The former Mayor of Cicero, Betty Loren-Maltese (R) was convicted of racketeering, wire fraud and mail fraud for her role in stealing about 12 million dollars. In addition to her 8 year prison term, she was fined $100,000 and ordered to pay more than $8 million restitution. (2003)

• Maryland Lobbyist Gerard E. Evans (D) convicted of fraud after dummying up legislation and collecting fees from clients to fight it
• Maryland Banker Nathan A. Chapman Jr. found guilty of defrauding the state retirement system.
• Maryland Police Superintendent Edward T. Norris convicted of spending police money for personal uses while Baltimore's police chief

• Minnesota Democratic consultant and businessman Pat Forciea (D) convicted of extensive bank fraud charges

• New York Alan Hevesi (D-NY) Comptroller of New York pleaded guilty in 2007 to one count of defrauding the government

• Maryland Mayor of Baltimore Sheila Dixon (D-MD) was indicted on 12 counts of perjury, theft and misconduct in office (January 2009)

• Michigan Detroit Mayor Kwame Kilpatrick (D-MI) with his Chief-of-Staff Christine Beatty, fired two police officers for investigating claims that Kilpatrick had used his security unit to cover up their extramarital affair and lied about it under oath. Both pled guilty and were sentenced to 4 months in prison with 5 years probation. Kilpatrick was later jailed for failing to repay $1.000,000 he owed the City. (2008)^[352]

• Minnesota Minneapolis city council members Brian Herron (D) (taped by the Federal Bureau of Investigation accepting $10,000 bribe in 2001) and Joe Biernat (accepting free plumbing work on house)

• Nebraska Former Douglas County Election Commissioner Pat McPherson (R-NE) accused of groping a 17-year-old girl wearing Red Robin mascot. City Councilman Chuck Sigerson was accused of disturbing her piece by touching the tail of the costume. Event supposedly happened at 8 P.M. on a Friday night and at the table were two company executives, a Sunday school teacher, Sigerson's wife, and the wives of the executives. McPherson was acquitted and the jury voted to acquit Sigerson 4-2, so the prosecutor dismissed the charges. McPherson resigned from his position at the Governor's request, before the trial and acquittal; Councilman Sigerson was re-elected in 2005.

• New York Queens Councilman Hiram Monserrate (D-NY) charged for assaulting his girlfriend, Karla Giraldo, resulting her in an injury to the left eye (December 19, 2008)

• Ohio Cuyahoga County, County Commissioner, and Chairman of the Cuyahoga County Democratic Party from 1994 to 2010, James "Jimmy" DiMora (D) and County Auditor Frank Russo (D) and numerous contractors are investigated for construction work done at their houses. There also was dealings of the AT Tower and proposed County Administration building improprieties dealing with asbestos removal contracting. The FBI raided DiMora's home in Independence, Ohio and Russo's home in Gates Mills, Ohio. On September 9, 2010 Russo resigned and face 21 Federal Counts and charges like Obstruction of Justice to falsifying tax returns. He could receive 20 years in prison.

• Ohio Cuyahoga County, County Recorder Patrick O'Malley is arrested for having pornographic images on his personal computer. He was sentenced and lost his law license. In Cuyahoga County, the recorder's office is responsible for deeds and mortgage records of the county.

• Pennsylvania Pittsburgh City Council Member Twanda Carlisle (D-PA) was sentenced to 12 to 24 months in prison and ordered to return $43,100 to the city after pleading no contest to three charges of theft by deception, three charges of criminal conspiracy, three charges of violation of Pennsylvania's state Ethics Act, five Election Code violations, and three charges of failing to file required financial disclosures. (2008)

• Rhode Island Providence Mayor Vincent Cianci (I-RI) convicted of racketeering conspiracy (2002)

• Washington Spokane Mayor James West (R-WA) an opponent of gay rights, denied accusations of having molested two boys while he was a sheriff's deputy and Boy Scout leader in the late 1970s and early 1980s, but came under investigation (2005) for offering municipal jobs to men he met in gay online chat rooms. West was ousted in a recall vote December 2005. In 2006, West was cleared of criminal charges by the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI).

[edit] 1900–1999

• Georgia the Sheriff of DeKalb County, Sidney Dorsey confessed to the murder of his successor-elect, fearing a possible corruption investigation.^[353]
• Illinois Chicago alderman Lawrence S. Bloom (D) sentenced to 6 months in 1999 for filing a false tax return.
• Illinois Chicago alderman Jesse J. Evans (D) sentenced to 41 months in prison in 1997 for racketeering, extortion, conspiracy, attempted extortion, mail fraud, influence peddling, filing false tax returns, and obstruction of justice.
• Illinois Chicago alderman Virgil E. Jones Jr. (D) in 1999 was sentenced to 2 and a half years in prison for extortion.
• Illinois Chicago alderman Joseph A. Martínez (D) in 1998 pleaded guilty to ghost payrolling and was sentenced to 5 months in prison.
• Illinois Chicago alderman Ambrosio Medrano (D) pleaded guilty to extortion in 1996 and was sentenced to 30 months in prison.
• Illinois Chicago alderman Allan J. Streeter (D) pleaded guilty to extortion and filing false income tax returns and was sentenced to prison in 1998.
• Illinois Chicago alderman Fred B. Roti (D) was sentenced to 48 months in 1993 for racketeering, conspiracy, bribery, among other things.
• Illinois Chicago judge Thomas J. Maloney Jr. (D) sentenced to almost 16 years in prison for taking bribes, extortion and obstruction of justice in 1994.
• Illinois Chicago City Treasurer Edward Rosewell (D) pleaded guilty to mail fraud but was not sentenced due to an illness that he died from soon after. His conviction was vacated in 1999.
• Illinois Chicago City Treasurer Miriam Santos (D) originally sentenced to 40 months for extortion and mail fraud but the sentence was overturned on appeal. She subsequently pleaded guilty to mail fraud and sentenced to 3 months, only served 17 days in prison.
• Illinois State Treasurer Jerry Cosentino (D-IL) was convicted on federal check kiting charges (1992).

[edit] Sex scandals

Main article: List of political sex scandals in the United States

[edit] 2009– National

• Indiana Congressman Mark Souder, (R-IN). Resigned after admitting to an extramarital affair with a staffer. Famously, he and the staffer had made a public video in which they both extolled the virtues of abstinence.^[354] (2010) ^[355]
• New York Congressman Eric Massa,(D) Resigned to avoid an ethics investigation into his alleged behavior of groping and tickling a young male staffer. (2010) ^[356]
• Texas Federal District Judge Samuel B. Kent of Galveston, Texas was appointed by President George H. W. Bush (R) in 1990. He was sentenced to 33 months in prison for lying about sexually harassing two female employees.(2009) ^[357]
• Nevada Senator John Ensign (R-NV) resigned his position as Chairman of the Senate Republican Policy Committee on June 16, 2009 after admitting he had an affair with Cynthia Hampton the wife of a close friend, both of whom were working on his campaign.^[358] In 1998 Senator Ensign had called for President Bill Clinton (D) to resign after admitting to adulterous acts with Monica Lewinsky. (2009) ^[359]

[edit] 2009 – Local

• California State Senator Roy Ashburn (R) of Bakersfield, after arrest on two counts of DUI, admitted he was gay on a local radio station. Even though he voted against several gay rights initiatives, the divorced father of four was noted leaving a gay bar just before his arrest. (2010)^[248]
• California Assemblyman Mike Duvall (R) resigned September 9 after the married champion of family values was videotaped bragging about affairs with two different female lobbyists saying of one of them, "I'm getting into spanking her." (2009)^[360]
• Missouri Speaker of the Missouri House of Representatives Rod Jetton(R-MO) charged with assault in an incident involving sadomasochistic sex.^[361]
• Oregon Portland Mayor Sam Adams (D) lied about a relationship with an 18-year-old male intern.^[362]
• South Carolina Governor Mark Sanford (R) who had voted for the impeachment of Bill Clinton,^[363] admitted during a press conference on June 24, 2009, that he had traveled to Argentina to have an extra-marital affair with an Argentinian woman. His staff had claimed he was "walking the Appalachian Trail." He then resigned as head of the Republican Governors Association and was censured by the State Legislature.(2009)^[364]
• Utah State Representative Kevin Garn (R) The Utah House Majority Leader resigned after admitting that in 1985 he had shared a hot tub with naked Cheryl Maher who was 15 at the time. See legislative scandals.(2010)^[365]
• Wisconsin Gary Becker (D) Mayor of Racine, Wisconsin, charged with five child-sex felonies after being arrested by the FBI at a mall trying to meet a 14-year-old girl (January 16, 2009).^[366]

[edit] 2000–2008 National

• David Paterson (D-NY) Upon taking office as Governor of New York, admitted that he and his wife both had extramarital affairs while legally separated. They are now remarried.^[362]
• John Edwards (D-NC) US Senator and former 2008 presidential primary contender, positioned himself as an honest, family values candidate. His position was seriously undercut when he admitted to an extramarital affair with actress and film producer Rielle Hunter which produced a child. (2008) ^[367]
• Vito Fossella (R-NY) – US Congressman arrested for drunk driving, Fossella admitted to having an affair with Laura Fay, with whom he has a three-year-old daughter. He is currently married to Mary Patricia née Rowan with whom he has three children. (2008)^[368]
• Tim Mahoney (D-FL) – US Congressman who accepted seat after resignation of Mark Foley (R-FL) for sexual harassment. He ran on a campaign promise to make "a world that is safer, more moral." In October, he admitted he placed his mistress, Patricia Allen, on his staff and then fired her saying "You work at my pleasure." He also admitted to multiple concurrent affairs. Mahoney was seeking re-election, but lost. ^[369]
• David Vitter (R-LA) – US Senator who took former Senator Bob Livingston's seat when he stepped down due to an adultery charge. Vitter stated "I think Livingston's stepping down makes a very powerful argument that (Bill) Clinton should resign as well..."^[370] Vitters' name was discovered in the numbers book of DC Madam Deborah Jeane Palfrey. He admitted his adultery and resigned from his race for Louisiana Governor. (2007)^[371]
• Randall L. Tobias (R) Appointed by George W. Bush to be Deputy Secretary of State, the 'AIDS Czar' who stated that US funds should be denied to countries that permitted prostitution.^[372] resigned April 27, 2007 after confirming he had been a customer of the DC Madam, Deborah Jeane Palfrey.^[373]
• Glen Murphy Jr. (R) – 33-year-old president of the Young Republican National Federation, under investigation for oral sexual assault of a sleeping 22-year-old man. (2007) ^[374]
• Larry Craig (R-ID) – US Senator who pled guilty to disorderly conduct in a Minneapolis airport men's room in June, after having been arrested on a charge of homosexual lewd conduct. Governor Craig had previously stated that "people already know that Bill Clinton is a bad boy – a naughty boy." (2007)^[375]
• Tim Mahoney (D-FL) was elected to fill the seat left when disgraced Congressman Mark Foley (R-FL) resigned due to inappropriate emails sent to male congressional pages. ^[376] he ran on a campaign promise to make "a world that is safer, more moral." In October he admitted he placed his mistress on his staff and then fired her saying "You work at my pleasure." He then admitted to multiple concurrent affairs. (2009) ^[377]
• Mark Foley (R-FL) Congressman accused of sending sexually explicit emails to underage male congressional pages. When discovered he resigned and was replaced by Tim Mahoney.(2006)^[378]
• Brian J. Doyle (R) Deputy Press Secretary in the United States Department of Homeland Security. Indicted for seducing a 14-year-old girl on the internet who was actually a sheriff's deputy. On November 17, 2006, he was sentenced to 5 years in prison, 10 years of probation, and was registered as a sex offender.^[379]
• Jeff Gannon (R) A.K.A. James Dale Guckert A.K.A. "Bulldog", was admitted to White House press conferences as a journalist without proper vetting and allowed to ask such sympathetic questions that The Daily Show referred to him as "Chip Rightwingenstein of the Bush Agenda Gazette." Records show he was admitted to the White House numerous times even when there were no press conferences. He later admitted to being a $200/day gay prostitute. (2005)^[380]
• Jack Ryan (R-IL) U.S. Senate candidate – Sex scandal became public during divorce proceedings with Jeri Ryan. Ms. Ryan is better known as 7 of 9 on the television program Star Trek: Voyager. (2004) ^[381]
• Ed Schrock (R-VA) Two term Congressman who aggressively fought gay rights programs dropped out of his third term race after he was discovered soliciting sex from a gay prostitute and finally admitted that he himself was gay.(2004)^[382]
• Don Sherwood (R-PA) Congressman who failed to win re-election after a five year extramarital affair with accusations of physical abuse was revealed. (2004)^[383]
• Steven C. LaTourette (R-OH) Congressman had a long term affair with his chief of staff, Jennifer Laptook. He married her after his divorce.(2003)^[384]
• Gary Condit (D-CA) A US Congressman whose affair with 23-year-old intern Chandra Levy was exposed after Levy disappeared. Her body was found a year later and in 2008 an ex-felon with no relation to Condit was charged with her murder. (2001)^[385]

[edit] 2000–2008 Local

• California Mayor of Los Angeles Antonio Villaraigosa (D) extramarital affair with television reporter Mirthala Salinas.(2009)^[386]
• California Mayor of San Francisco Gavin Newsom (D) had an affair with the wife of a top aide.^[362]
• California Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger (R) Accused of sexual harassment by six women, Schwarzenegger admitted to previous misconduct. He also spoke of orgies and marijuana use. (2004) ^[387]
• Florida State Representative Bob Allen (R-FL) convicted of solicitation of a police officer in a public men's room. (2007)^[388]
• Hawaii State Representative Galen Fox (R-HI) Resigned after being convicted of minor sex assault charges concerning a sleeping Asian woman in the airplane seat next to him. (2005) ^[389]
• Kansas Attorney General Paul J. Morrison (D) after an extramarital affair with an office administrator, she charged him with sexual harassment. He resigned January 31, 2008.^[390]
• Louisiana State Senator Jerry Thomas (R) admitted in 2003 to charges of lewd conduct with another man in an adult video store in New Orleans. The married father of four, completed the final year of his Senate term and did not run again.^[391]
• Michigan Detroit Mayor Kwame Kilpatrick (D) see Local scandals 2000–2009
• Nevada Governor Jim Gibbons (R-NV) accused of attempted sexual assault in a parking garage. Gibbons claimed he was helping her to her car. They both admitted to drinking alcohol.
• New Jersey Governor Jim McGreevey (D) admitted that he had an extramarital affair with Golan Cipel, an Israeli national, whom he had appointed as Homeland Security Advisor. When threatened with a lawsuit by Cipel, he admitted his homosexuality and resigned. His second wife immediately filed for divorce. (2004) ^[392]
• New York Governor Eliot Spitzer (D) used the Emperors Club VIP prostitution service to meet $1,000/ night escorts.^[393] No charges were filed since no public funds were used, though he resigned anyway. (2008)^[394]
• Roosevelt Dobbins (D-AR) – pleaded guilty to misdemeanor harassment for fondling a teenager (2005)
• Ohio Attorney General Marc Dann (D) resigned May 14, 2008, after he admitted he had an affair with a staff member.^[395]
• Washington State Congressman Richard Curtis (R) married with two children, voted against several gay rights proposals until blackmailed and outed by a male prostitute. He resigned soon after. (2007)^[396]
• Washington Mayor of Spokane James E. West (R) was married briefly and voted against several gay rights proposals. Faced with charges of past child molestation and being discovered on a gay website, West was recalled from his position and resigned.(2005) ^[397]
• West Virginia Governor Bob Wise (D), admitted to an affair with a female state employee. (2003)^[398]
• Paul Patton (D), Governor of Kentucky, went public after a former mistress alleged retaliation against her business when she ended the relationship. (2002) ^[399]

[edit] 1990–1999 National

• Bill Clinton President (D-AR) intern Monica Lewinsky allegedly had oral sex with Clinton leading him to famously declare on TV on January 26, 1998 that "I did not have sexual relations with that woman, Miss Lewinsky." The scandal led to impeachment by the House for perjury, but he was acquitted in the Senate by 10 votes (1998) ^[400]
• Newt Gingrich US Congressman and Speaker of the United States House of Representatives (R-GA) admitted to having an affair with (his current wife, Callista Bisek, his third) while still married to his second wife in the late 1990s. This was at the same time he was leading the Congressional investigation of Bill Clinton's affair with Monica Lewinsky. (1998) ^[401]
• Bob Barr (R-GA) US Congressman who was one of the 13 House Managers who called for the impeachment of Bill Clinton.^[402] His own sexual hypocrisy was alleged by Hustler publisher Larry Flynt who claims Barr's second wife said he was cheating on her with Barr's soon to be third wife.^[403]
• Henry Hyde (R-IL), Congressman and advocate for the impeachment of Bill Clinton, had an 8-year long affair with a married woman in the 1960s.^[404]
• Dan Burton (R-IN) Speaking of the affairs of Republican Robert Packwood and the unfolding affair of Democrat Bill Clinton Burton stated "No one, regardless of what party they serve, no one, regardless of what branch of government they serve, should be allowed to get away with these alleged sexual improprieties..." ^[405] In 1998 Burton was forced to admit that he himself had an affair in 1983 which produced a child.^[406]
• Helen Chenoweth-Hage, Congresswoman (R-ID) While aggressively calling for the resignation of Bill Clinton,^[407] she admitted to her own 6-year affair with a married rancher. She explained the difference by saying it was alright since she was a private citizen at the time.(1980's) ^[362]
• Bob Livingston (R-LA) US Congressman who famously called for the impeachment of Bill Clinton resigned after his own extra marital affair was revealed. (1998)^[408]
• Robert Packwood (R-OR) US Senator was forced to resign his office when his vehement denials of any wrongdoing (after 29 women came forward with claims of sexual harassment, abuse, and assaults) were eventually contradicted by his own lurid diaries boasting of his sexual conquests. (1995)^[409]
• Mel Reynolds (D-IL) indicted for sexual assault and criminal sexual abuse for a relationship with a 16-year-old campaign volunteer (1994.) He was convicted of 12 counts of sexual assault, obstruction of justice and solicitation of child pornography. (1995)^[410]
• Ken Calvert (R-CA) arrested for soliciting a prostitute for oral sex in his car. (1993)^[411]
• Chuck Robb Senator (D-VA) Accused of an affair with Miss Virginia USA Tai Collins which he denied. (1991)^[412]
• Clarence Thomas (R) Supreme Court nominee accused by Anita Hill and others of sexual harassment. (1991)^[413]
• Arlan Stangeland (R-MN) US Congressman found to have made hundreds of phone calls to a female lobbyist. Though he denied any romantic involvement, he lost re-election. (1990)^[414]
• Donald "Buz" Lukens (R-OH) – US Congressman who resigned before facing investigation that he fondled a Washington elevator operator. (1990) See Sex scandals 1980–1989^[415]

[edit] 1990–1999 Local

• Mike Lowry (D-WA) Governor accused of making inappropriate remarks and fondling by his deputy press secretary. ^[416]
• Jon Grunseth (R-MN) Candidate for Governor of Minnesota who swam nude with his daughter and three of her 13-year-old girlfriends. Suspended Gubernatorial Campaign after the revelation came to light eight days before the election.^[362]

[edit] 1980–1989 National

• Gus Savage (D-IL) accused of trying to force himself on a female Peace Corps worker in Zaire. No action was taken after he apologized to her. (1989) ^[417]
• Barney Frank (D-MA) was reprimanded by the House for rescinding 33 parking tickets of Steve Gobie, a male prostitute whom Frank met and lived with. Gobie claimed to have conducted an escort service from Frank's apartment when he was not at home. (1989) ^[418]
• Brock Adams (D-WA) Eight women accused Adams of committing various acts of sexual misconduct, ranging from sexual harassment to rape. (1988) ^[419]
• Richard Gardner (R) who ran for office in both California and Las Vegas, NV admitted to three counts of molesting his 12-year-old daughter. (2002) ^[420]
• Jim Bates (D-CA) made sexual advances toward female staffers. (1988) ^[421]
• Gary Hart Senator (D-CO) – Seeking the Democratic nomination for president in 1988 Hart was photographed with model Donna Rice on a boat named 'Monkey Business' during a trip to the Bahamas. His popularity plummeted and he soon dropped out. (1987)
• Ernie Konnyu (R-CA) – US Congressman had sexual harassment complaints by two female staffers. (1987)
• Gerry Studds (D-MA) and Dan Crane (R-IL) are censured July 20, 1983 in Congressional Page sex scandal for having sex with under age congressional pages. (1983) ^[422]
• Jon Hinson (R-MS) US Congressman charged with oral sodomy of a male Library of Congress employee. (1981)
• Robert Bauman (R-MD) – US Congressman charged with attempting to solicit sex from a 16-year-old male prostitute. (1980)
• Thomas Evans (R-DE) US Congressman who went golfing in FL with nude model and lobbyist Paula Parkinson who suggested her technigues were "tactile." Lost 1982 re-election bid.(1980)

[edit] 1980–1989 Local

• John G. Schmitz (R-CA) – State Senator whose extramarital affair resulted in 2 offspring. (1982)
• Paul Ingram (R-WA) County Party Chairman Paul Ingram was accused by his daughters of sexual abuse and satanic ritual abuse and later, accused by his son in 1988. Convicted on three counts of rape.^[423]

[edit] 1970–1979

• Joe Waggoner Congressman (D-LA) arrested for soliciting an undercover police officer posing as a prostitute. He was not prosecuted due to a technicality. (1976) ^[424]
• Robert L. Leggett Congressman (D-CA) acknowledged that he fathered two illegitimate children by a Congressional secretary, whom he supported financially; then he had an affair with another woman, who was an aide to Speaker Carl Albert.^[425]
• Fred Richmond (D-NY) – Charged with soliciting sex from a 16-year-old boy were dropped after he submitted to counseling. (1978) ^[159]
• J. Herbert Burke (R-FL) Fined $150 for disorderly intoxication and resisting arrest at a nude go-go bar.
• Wayne Hays (D-OH) – Elizabeth Ray scandal (1976)
• John Young (D-TX) – a former female staffer said that she received a pay raise after giving in to Young's sexual advances (1976)
• Allan Howe (D-UT) – arrested for soliciting two police officers posing as prostitutes (1976)
• Wilbur Mills (D-AR) Found intoxicated with stripper Fanne Foxe. He was re-elected anyway, though after he gave an intoxicated press conference from Foxe's burlesque house dressing room, he resigned.(1974)

[edit] Local

• Neil Goldschmidt (D-OR) Mayor of Portland, Admitted to an affair with a 14 yr old girl in the 1970s, which became public May 6, 2004

[edit] 1900–1969

• Walter Jenkins (D) top aide to President Lyndon B. Johnson – caught in a gay liaison with a Hungarian man in a YMCA bathroom (1964)
• Strom Thurmond Senator (R-SC) – Had sex with 15-year-old African American resulting in child
• Warren Harding President (R) Judged at the time a handsome man who looked like a president, while married to his wife Folrence, he supposedly had affairs with Carrie Phillips, Francis Russell and Nan Britton. (1921–1923) ^[426]
• Newport Sex Scandal (1919) Assistant Secretary of the Navy Franklin Delano Roosevelt initiated an investigation into allegations of "immoral conduct" (homosexuality) at the Naval base in Newport, Rhode Island; the investigators were also accused of homosexuality (1919)

[edit] 1776–1899

• Grover Cleveland President (D) During the election of 1884 Cleveland, a bachelor, paid child support to Maria Crofts Halpin even though the child may not have been his. The controversy raised the cry, "Ma, ma, where's my pa?" After he won, it was answered by, "Gone to the White House, ha, ha, ha!" (1884)
• James Buchanan President (D) and future Vice President William Rufus King (D-NC) were the subject of scandalous gossip (alleging a homosexual affair) in Washington, D.C. for many years. Andrew Jackson referred to them as Miss Nancy and Aunt Fancy. (1850's)
• Petticoat affair, or Eaton affair: Margaret "Peggy" O'Neale, later Margaret O'Neill Eaton, whose husband was alleged to have been driven to suicide because of her affair with Jackson's Secretary of War, John Henry Eaton. (1831)
• Thomas Jefferson was accused of fathering the children of his slave Sally Hemmings by the published articles of James Callender.^[427] (1802)
• Alexander Hamilton-Maria Reynolds affair. Secretary of the Treasury Hamilton had an affair with Maria Reynolds while both were married to other people. Reynolds' husband blackmailed Hamilton, forcing him to confess, further damaging his already controversial career.(1796)

[edit] See also

• See [9] Outing a Political Sex Scandal on Time.com
• List of scandals with "-gate" suffix
• List of United States senators expelled or censured
• List of United States Representatives expelled, censured, or reprimanded
• Censure in the United States
• Financial crisis of 2007–2010
• Savings and Loan crisis – this resulted in some of the scandals of the 1980s.
• political corruption
• Reagan administration scandals
• Political Sex scandals of the United States
• List of American politicians convicted of crimes

[edit] Notes

1. ^ ^{a b} Richard Mauer (October 18, 2010). "Miller security guards handcuff journalist, Public Event: Incident took place after town hall meeting at middle school". Anchorage Daily News. http://www.adn.com/2010/10/17/1506223/miller-security-guards-handcuff.html. 
2. ^ William Yardley (October 18, 2010). "News Editor Detained by Security Guards for Alaska Senate Candidate". The New York Times. http://thecaucus.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/10/18/news-editor-detained-by-guards-for-alaska-senate-candidate/. 
3. ^ Craig Medred (October 17, 2010). "Miller guard says editor refused to leave private event". Alaska Dispatch. http://alaskadispatch.com/dispatches/news/7187-miller-guard-says-editor-refused-to-leave-private-event. 
4. ^ Craig Medred (October 17, 2010). "Dispatch editor detained at Miller event". Alaska Dispatch. http://alaskadispatch.com/dispatches/news/7186-alaska-dispatch-editor-detained-at-miller-event-updated. 
5. ^ Jackie Bartz (October 17, 2010). "Miller security handcuffs journalist at town hall". KTUU-TV. http://www.ktuu.com/news/ktuu-2010elect-miller-security-hopfinger-arrest-101710,0,2454854.story. 
6. ^ www.Chicagotribune.com June 3, 2010, "Kirk apologizes for misstatements about his war career" by Todd Lightly, John Chase and Rick Pearson
7. ^ Hernandez, Raymond (2010-05-18). "Blumenthal's Words Differ From His History". New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2010/05/18/nyregion/18blumenthal.html. 
8. ^ Phillips, Kate (2009-09-09). "The New York Times, retrieved 15 September 2009". Thecaucus.blogs.nytimes.com. http://thecaucus.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/09/15/blogging-the-house-action-on-wilson/. Retrieved 2009-09-16. 
9. ^ Alpert, Bruce (2010-03-11). "Judge Thomas Porteous impeached by U.S. House of Representatives". New Orleans Times-Picayune. http://www.nola.com/crime/index.ssf/2010/03/judge_thomas_porteous_impeache.html. Retrieved 2010-04-24. 
10. ^ Michael J. Sniffen and Matt Apuzzo (Associated Press),"Libby Found Guilty in CIA Leak Trial: Ex-Cheney Aide Libby Found Guilty of Obstruction, Perjury, Lying to the FBI in CIA Leak Case", ABC News, March 6, 2007
11. ^ Christine Perez, "HUD secretary's blunt warning: Alphonso Jackson says deal was scuttled after contractor admits not liking Bush", Dallas Business Journal, May 5, 2006
12. ^ Tom Hamburger, "Inquiry of Rove Brings Unit Out of Obscurity", The Los Angeles Times April 24, 2007, rpt. in The Seattle Times. Retrieved April 26, 2007.
13. ^ NewsHour with Jim Lehrer. "Online NewsHour: Analysis | Gonzalez Admits 'Mistakes' | March 13, 2007". PBS. http://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/law/jan-june07/attorneys_03-13.html. Retrieved 2010-08-31. 
14. ^ ^{a b} Hartley, Allegra (2007-03-21). "Timeline: How the U.S. Attorneys Were Fired". US News & World Report. http://www.usnews.com/usnews/news/articles/070321/21attorneys-timeline.htm. Retrieved 2007-03-26.
15. ^ Totenberg, Nina (2007-08-24). "Schlozman Leaves Justice Dept. Amid Questions". National Public Radio. http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=13920444#. Retrieved 2009-01-14.
16. ^ www.nytimes.com, June 16, 2007, "Another Justice Department Official Resigns" by David Johnston
17. ^ Dan Eggen (May 15, 2007). "Justice Dept.'s No. 2 to Resign: McNulty Is 4th to Quit Since Disputed Firings". Washington Post. p. A01. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/05/14/AR2007051401071.html.
18. ^ Eggen, Dan (June 23, 2007). "Third-in-Command at Justice Dept. Resigns: Mercer to Leave Washington Job but Keep U.S. Attorney's Position in Montana". Washington Post: pp. A04. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/06/22/AR2007062201291.html?nav=rss_print/asection. Retrieved 2007-06-25.
19. ^ Jordan, Lara Jakes; (Associated Press) (2007-09-15). "Attorney general bids farewell to Justice: Praises work of department". Boston Globe. http://www.boston.com/news/nation/articles/2007/09/15/attorney_general_bids_farewell_to_justice/. Retrieved 2007-09-19.
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373. ^ "Resignation of Ambassador Randall Tobias U.S. State Department". 2007-04-28. http://www.state.gov/r/pa/prs/ps/2007/apr/83957.htm.
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378. ^ "Florida congressman quits following disclosure of e-mails to male page". USA Today. September 29, 2006. http://www.usatoday.com/news/washington/2006-09-29-congressman-resigns_x.htm.
379. ^ "Homeland Security official arrested in child sex sting". CNN. April 5, 2006. http://www.cnn.com/2006/LAW/04/04/homeland.arrest/index.html.
380. ^ "Gannon comes out: Former escort, conservative reporter grilled on White House visits". The Raw Story. May 5, 2006. http://www.rawstory.com/news/2006/Gannon_comes_out_Former_escort_conservative_0506.html. Retrieved 2006-09-07. . "Rogers went farther: 'Are you a gay man?' 'Absolutely, but I'm not proud' Gannon said."
381. ^ Kinzer, Stephen; Jo Napolitano (2004-06-23). "Illinois Senate Campaign Thrown Into Prurient Turmoil". New York Times. http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9406E3D71039F930A15755C0A9629C8B63&scp=1&sq=Jack+Ryan+Jeri+Ryan&st=nyt. Retrieved 2008-02-10.
382. ^ Va. Legislator Ends Bid for 3rd Term, by Michael D. Shear and Chris L. Jenkins, The Washington Post, 8/31/04, Page A02
383. ^ www.foxnews.com, June 12, 2006, "Don Sherwood Tries to Shake Scandal in Pennsylvania" by Kelly Beaucar Vlahos
384. ^ www.cbsnews.com, July 2, 2009, Politico, "GOP's Unlucky Class of '94" by Michael Falcone
385. ^ Keith L. Alexander, "Suspect Pleads Not Guilty; Defense Decries Trial Date" The Washington Post, May 28, 2009, p. B8.
386. ^ www.dailynews.com, June 1, 2009, "Revealed: the other woman in Antonio Villaraigosa's life" by Beth Barrett
387. ^ "Schwarzenegger's Sex Talk". The Smoking Gun. http://www.thesmokinggun.com/archive/arnoldinter1.html. Retrieved April 18, 2008.
388. ^ Florida State Representative Accused of Offering to Perform Oral Sex Claims Innocence Fox News, July 27, 2007
389. ^ – Honolulu Star-Bulletin article
390. ^ "Sex scandal rocks A.G." Topeka Capital-Journal http://cjonline.com/stories/120907/sta_224057474.shtml
391. ^ www.Hammondstar.com. May 26, 2004, "State Thomas: Wrong place to stop" by the AP
392. ^ "McGREEVEY TO QUIT, DECLARES 'I AM A GAY AMERICAN'". The New York Sun. http://www.nysun.com/article/245?page_no=2. Retrieved 2008-03-10.
393. ^ Feuer, Alan (2008-03-07). "Four Charged With Running Online Prostitution Ring". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2008/03/07/nyregion/07prostitution.html.
394. ^ "Spitzer to step down by Monday". CNN. http://www.cnn.com/2008/POLITICS/03/12/spitzer/index.html. Retrieved 2008-03-12.
395. ^ Willard, Dennis; Warsmith, Stephanie (May 14, 2008). "Attorney General Dann resigns". Akron Beacon Journal (Black Press). http://www.ohio.com/news/top_stories/18949999.html. Retrieved 2008-05-17.
396. ^ La Corte, Rachel (October 31, 2007). "GOP State Rep Resigns Amid Sex Scandal" (in English). Associated Press. http://ap.google.com/article/ALeqM5hi5eZOrtHs2NAhldX5tp4so8EROgD8SKHU800. Retrieved 2007-10-31.
397. ^ Seattle Times: "Spokane City Council asks mayor to resign," May 31, 2005. Retrieved December 15, 2009.
398. ^ www.wvgazette.com, December 25, 2009, "Decade in Review:2003"
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400. ^ Harris, John F. (2006). The Survivor: Bill Clinton in the White House (1st ed.). Random House Trade Paperbacks. ISBN 0-375-76084-9.
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[edit] References

• Grossman, Mark (2003). Political corruption in America: an encyclopedia of scandals, power, and greed. ABC-Clio. ISBN 978-1576070604. http://books.google.com/books?id=DxupZ6O0p64C&pg=PA182&lpg=PA182&dq=Whiskey+Ring+Babcock&source=bl&ots=et0Fsrk1gF&sig=FXfxPJ6InjRWSCw0lCDJgU-LAXo&hl=en&ei=A8j0SpGXG4O2swOw4oC1CQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CAsQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=Whiskey%20Ring%20Babcock&f=false. 
• Woodward, C. Vann. ed. Responses of the Presidents to Charges of Misconduct (1974), essays by historians on each administration from George Washington to Lyndon Johnson.

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Categories: Political scandals in the United States | Lists of political scandals | Political corruption | Reagan administration controversies | George W. Bush administration controversies

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