1994
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
1994 (
MCMXCIV) was a
common year that started on a Saturday. In the
Gregorian calendar, it was the 1994th year of the
Common Era, or of
Anno Domini; the 994th year of the
2nd millennium; the 94th year of the
20th century; and the 5th of the
1990s.
The year 1994 was designated as the "
International Year of the
Family" and the "International Year of Sport and the
Olympic Ideal" by the
United Nations.
Events of 1994
January
- January 1
- January 6 – In Detroit, Michigan, Nancy Kerrigan is clubbed on the right leg by an assailant, under orders from figure skating rival Tonya Harding's ex-husband.
- January 8 – Soyuz TM-18: Valeri Polyakov begins his 437.7 day orbit, eventually setting the world record for days spent in orbit.
- January 11
- January 14 – U.S. President Bill Clinton and Russian President Boris Yeltsin sign the Kremlin Accords, which stop the preprogrammed aiming of nuclear missiles toward each country's targets, and also provide for the dismantling of the nuclear arsenal in Ukraine.
- January 15 – The SS American Star breaks tow in the Atlantic Ocean and is beached at Fuerteventura in the Canary Islands a few days later.
- January 17 – The 1994 Northridge earthquake, magnitude 6.7, hits the San Fernando Valley of Los Angeles at 4:31 a.m., killing 72 and leaving 26,029 homeless.
- January 19 – Record cold temperatures hit the eastern United States. The coldest temperature ever measured in Indiana state history, −36°F (−38°C), is recorded in New Whiteland, Indiana.
- January 20 – In South Carolina, Shannon Faulkner becomes the first female cadet to attend The Citadel, but soon drops out.
- January 21 – Lorena Bobbitt is found not guilty by reason of insanity on charges of mutilating her husband John.
- January 25 – U.S. President Bill Clinton delivers his first State of the Union address, calling for health care reform, a ban on assault weapons, and welfare reform.
- January 26 – A man fires 2 blank shots at Charles, Prince of Wales in Sydney, Australia.
February
March
- March 1
- March 6 – A referendum in Moldova results in the electorate voting against possible reunification with Romania.
- March 7 – Campbell v. Acuff-Rose Music, Inc.: The Supreme Court of the United States rules that parodies of an original work are generally covered by the doctrine of fair use.
- March 12
- March 14 – Apple Computer, Inc. releases the first Macintosh computers to use the new PowerPC Microprocessors. This is considered to be a major leap in personal computer, as well as Macintosh history.
- March 15 – U.S. troops are withdrawn from Somalia.
- March 16 – In Portland, Oregon, Tonya Harding pleads guilty to conspiracy to hinder prosecution for trying to cover-up an attack on figure skating rival Nancy Kerrigan. She is fined $100,000 and banned from the sport.
- March 20 – Italian journalist Ilaria Alpi and TV cameraman Miran Hrovatin are assassinated in Somalia.
- March 21 – The 66th Academy Awards, hosted by Whoopi Goldberg, are held at the Dorothy Chandler Pavilion in Los Angeles, California. Steven Spielberg's Holocaust drama, Schindler's List, wins 7 Oscars including Best Picture and Best Director (Spielberg).
- March 23 – Green Ramp disaster: Two military aircraft collide over Pope Air Force Base, North Carolina causing dozens of fatalities.
- March 27
- March 28 – Shell House Massacre: Inkatha Freedom Party and ANC supporters battle in central Johannesburg South Africa.
- March 31 – The journal Nature reports the finding in Ethiopia of the first complete Australopithecus afarensis skull (see Human evolution).
April
May
- May 1 – Three-time Formula One world champion Ayrton Senna is killed in an accident during the San Marino Grand Prix in Imola, Italy.
- May 3 – Japan signs the 200th treaty between itself and the African nation of Chad, making this day known as JapaTreaty 200.
- May 5 – The Bishkek Protocol between Armenia and Azerbaijan was signed, effectively freezing the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict.
- May 6 – The Channel Tunnel, which took 15,000 workers over 7 years to complete, opens between England and France, enabling passengers to travel between the 2 countries in 35 minutes.
- May 10
- May 12
- May 17 – Malawi holds its first multiparty elections.
- May 20 - After a funeral in Cluny Parish Church, Edinburgh attended by 900 people and after which 3,000 people lined the streets, John Smith is buried in a private family funeral on the island of Iona, at the sacred burial ground of Reilig Odhráin, which contains the graves of several Scottish kings as well as monarchs of Ireland, Norway and France.[1]
- May 21 – Italian former minister and Christian Democrat leader Giulio Andreotti is accused of Mafia allegiance by the court of Palermo.
- May 22 – Pope John Paul II issues the Apostolic Letter Ordinatio Sacerdotalis from the Vatican, expounding the the Catholic Church's position requiring "the reservation of priestly ordination to men alone."
June
- June 6 – June 8 – Ceasefire negotiations for the Yugoslav War begin in Geneva; they agree to a 1-month cessation of hostilities (which does not last more than a few days).
- June 12 – Nicole Brown Simpson and Ronald Goldman are murdered outside the Simpson home in Los Angeles, California. O.J. Simpson is later acquitted of the killings, but is held liable in a civil suit.
- June 14 – Hacker Kevin Poulsen pleads guilty to 7 counts of mail fraud, wire and computer fraud, money laundering, and obstruction of justice.
- June 15 – Israel and the Vatican establish full diplomatic relations.
- June 17 – NFL star O.J. Simpson and his friend Al Cowlings flee from police in his white Ford Bronco. The low-speed chase ends at Simpson's Brentwood, Los Angeles, California mansion, where he surrenders.
- June 23 – The International Olympic Committee celebrates their first centennial.
- June 24 – U.S. Air Force pilot Bud Holland crashes a B-52 in Fairchild Air Force Base, Washington as a result of pilot error.
- June 28 – Members of the Aum Shinrikyo cult release a sarin gas attack at Matsumoto, Japan, killing 7 and injuring 660.
- June 30 – An Airbus A330 crashes during a test flight near Toulouse, France, where Airbus is based, killing the seven-person crew. The test was meant to simulate an engine failure at low speed with maximum angle of climb.
July
August
- August – Wollemia nobilis, a "fossil tree", is discovered by bushwalker David Noble, only 150 km from the largest city in Australia.
- August 1
- August 5 – Groups of protesters spread from Havana, Cuba's Castillo de la Punta ("Point Castle"), creating the first protests against Fidel Castro's government since 1959.
- August 12
- August 18 – Irish mobster Martin Cahill is assassinated in Dublin.
- August 20 – In Honolulu, Hawaii, during a circus international performance, an elephant named Tyke crushes her trainer Allen Campbell to death before hundreds of horrified spectators, at the Neal Blaisdell Arena.
- August 23 – Eugene Bullard is posthumously commissioned as a Second Lieutenant in the United States Air Force, 33 years after his death, and 77 years to the day after his rejection for U.S. military service in 1917.
- August 31
September
- September 3 – Cold War: Russia and the People's Republic of China agree to de-target their nuclear weapons against each other.
- September 4 – Kansai International Airport in Osaka, Japan opens. All international services are transferred from Itami to Kansai.
- September 5 – New South Wales State MP for Cabramatta John Newman is shot outside his home, in Australia's first political assassination since 1977.
- September 8 – USAir Flight 427, a Boeing 737 with 132 people on board, crashes on approach to Pittsburgh International Airport; there are no survivors.
- September 13 – President Bill Clinton signs the Assault Weapons Ban, which bans the manufacture of new weapons with certain features for a period of 10 years.
- September 16 – Danish tour guide Louise Jensen is abducted, raped and murdered by three British soldiers in Cyprus.[2]
- September 17 – Heather Whitestone becomes the first hearing impaired contestant to win the Miss America entitlement. Whitestone becomes Miss America 1995.
- September 19 – American troops stage a bloodless invasion of Haiti in order to restore the legitimate elected leader, Jean-Bertrand Aristide, to power.
- September 28 – The car ferry MS Estonia sinks in the Baltic Sea, killing 852 people.
- September 28 – Jose Francisco Ruiz Massieu, Mexican politician, is assassinated on orders of Raul Salinas de Gortari.
- September–October – Iraq disarmament crisis: Iraq threatens to stop cooperating with UNSCOM inspectors and begins to once again deploy troops near its border with Kuwait. In response, the U.S. begins to deploy troops to Kuwait.
October
November
- November 3
- A French magazine publishes photo of President François Mitterrand's secret daughter.
- The Criminal Justice and Public Order Act 1994 is enacted in the UK. The whole of Part V, which covers collective trespass and nuisance on land, includes sections against raves, including the "succession of repetitive beats" definition.
- November 4
- San Francisco: The first conference devoted entirely to the subject of the commercial potential of the World Wide Web opens. Featured speakers include Marc Andreessen of Netscape, Mark Graham of Pandora Systems, and Ken McCarthy of E-Media.
- Sydney's third runway opens, ensuring protests about noise levels.
- November 5
- November 6 – A flood in Piedmont, Italy, kills dozens of people.
- November 7 – WXYC, the student radio station of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, provides the world's first internet radio broadcast.
- November 8 – Georgia Representative Newt Gingrich leads the United States Republican Party in taking control of both the House of Representatives and the Senate in midterm congressional elections, the first time in 40 years the Republicans secure control of both houses of Congress. George W. Bush is elected Governor of Texas.
- November 13
- November 16 – A Federal judge issues a temporary restraining order, prohibiting the State of California from implementing Proposition 187, that would have denied most public services to illegal aliens.
- November 20 – The Angolan government and UNITA rebels sign the Lusaka Protocol.
- November 28 – Voters in Norway decide not to join the European Union in a referendum.
- November 30 – The National Football League announces that the Jacksonville Jaguars will become the league's 30th franchise.
December
Undated
Births
January–June
- January 18 – Kang Jiyoung, Korean singer
- January 21 – Marny Kennedy, Australian actress
- February 5 – Saki Nakajima, Japanese singer
- February 10 – Makenzie Vega, American actress
- February 14 – Paul Butcher Jr., American actor
- February 23 – Dakota Fanning, American actress
- February 27 – Hou Yifan, Chinese chess player
- March 1 – Justin Bieber, Canadian pop/R&B singer
- April 4 – Risako Sugaya, Japanese singer
- April 11 – Dakota Blue Richards, English actress
- April 12
- May 21 – Tom Daley, British diver
- June 11 – Ivana Baquero, Spanish actress
- June 21 – Chisato Okai, Japanese singer
- June 28 – Prince Hussein bin Al Abdullah II, prince of Jordan
July–December
Deaths
January
- January 1 – Arthur Espie Porritt, New Zealand politician and athlete (b. 1900)
- January 1 – Cesar Romero, Cuban-American actor (b. 1907)
- January 1 – Edward Arthur Thompson, British historian (b. 1914)
- January 5 – Tip O'Neill, American politician (b. 1912)
- January 5 – Elmar Lipping, Estonian statesman and soldier (b. 1906)
- January 5 – Brian Johnston, British cricket commentator (b. 1912)
- January 8 – Pat Buttram, American actor (b. 1915)
- January 9 – Johnny Temple, American baseball player (b. 1927)
- January 14 – Esther Ralston, American actress (b. 1902)
- January 15 – Harry Nilsson, American musician (b. 1941)
- January 16 – Frances Gifford, American actress (b. 1920)
- January 17 – Helen Stephens, American runner (b. 1918)
- January 20 – Matt Busby, Scottish football manager (b. 1909)
- January 22 – Jean-Louis Barrault, French actor and director (b. 1910)
- January 22 – Telly Savalas, American actor (b. 1924)
- January 23 – Brian Redhead, British journalist and broadcaster (b. 1929)
- January 25 – Stephen Cole Kleene, American mathematician (b. 1909)
- January 27 – Claude Akins, American actor (b. 1914)
- January 28 – Hal Smith, American character actor and voice-over artist (b. 1916)
- January 29 – Ulrike Maier, Austrian alpine skier (b. 1967)
- January 29 – Nick Cravat, American actor and acrobat (b. 1912)
- January 30 – Pierre Boulle, French author (b. 1912)
February
- February 1 – Olan Soule, Character actor (b. 1909)
- February 3 – Walter Havighurst, American critic, novelist, literary and social historian (b. 1901)
- February 6 – Joseph Cotten, American actor (b. 1905)
- February 6 – Jack Kirby, American comic book writer and illustrator (b. 1917)
- February 7 – Witold Lutosławski, Polish composer (b. 1913)
- February 9 – Howard Martin Temin, American geneticist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (b. 1934)
- February 11 – Sorrell Booke, American actor (b. 1930)
- February 11 – William Conrad, American actor (b. 1920)
- February 11 – Neil Bonnett, American race car driver (b. 1946)
- February 14 – Andrei Chikatilo, Russian serial killer (executed) (b. 1936)
- February 17 – Randy Shilts, American author and activist (b. 1951)
- February 19 – Derek Jarman, English film director (b. 1942)
- February 22 – Papa John Creech, American fiddler (b. 1917)
- February 24 – Jean Sablon, French singer (b. 1906)
- February 24 – Dinah Shore, American actress and singer (b. 1916)
- February 25 – Baruch Goldstein, American-born mass murder (b. 1956)
- February 25 – Jersey Joe Walcott, American boxer (b. 1914)
- February 26 – Bill Hicks, American comedian (b. 1961)
March
- March 2 – Anita Morris, American actress (b. 1943)
- March 4 – John Candy, Canadian comedian and actor (b. 1950)
- March 6 – Ray Arcel, American boxing trainer (b. 1899)
- March 6 – Melina Mercouri, Greek actress and politian (b. 1920)
- March 9 – Charles Bukowski, American writer (b. 1920)
- March 9 – Fernando Rey, Spanish actor (b. 1917)
- March 9 – Lawrence E. Spivak, American journalist (b. 1900)
- March 17 – Ellsworth Vines, American tennis champion (b. 1911)
- March 17 – Mai Zetterling, Swedish actor and director (b. 1925)
- March 21 – MacDonald Carey, American actor (b. 1913)
- March 21 – Dack Rambo, American actor (b. 1941)
- March 22 – Walter Lantz, American cartoonist (b. 1899)
- March 23 – Luis Donaldo Colosio, Mexican politician (b. 1950)
- March 23 – Giulietta Masina, Italian actress (b. 1921)
- March 25 – Max Petitpierre, Member of the Swiss Federal Council (b. 1899)
- March 28 – Eugène Ionesco, Romanian-born playwright (b. 1909)
- March 29 – Bill Travers, English actor and co-founder of the Born Free Foundation (b. 1922)
April
- April 1 – Léon Degrelle, Belgian Nazi (b. 1906)
- April 1 – Robert Doisneau, French Photographer (b. 1912)
- April 2 – Betty Furness, American actress, author, and consumer advocate (b. 1916)
- April 5 – Kurt Cobain, American singer and songwriter (b. 1967)
- April 6 – Juvénal Habyarimana, President of Rwanda (b. 1937)
- April 6 – Cyprien Ntaryamira, President of Burundi (b. 1956)
- April 7 – Albert Guðmundsson, Icelandic footballer and politician (b. 1923)
- April 7 – Golo Mann, German historian (b. 1909)
- April 10 – Sam B. Hall, American politician (b. 1924)
- April 15 – John Curry, British figure skater (b. 1949)
- April 16 – Ralph Ellison, American writer (b. 1914)
- April 17 – Roger Wolcott Sperry, American neurobiologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (b. 1913)
- April 22 – Richard Nixon, 37th President of the United States (b. 1913)
- April 24 – Masutatsu Ōyama, Korean-Japanese Karate master (b. 1923)
- April 27 – Lynne Frederick, English actress (b. 1954)
- April 28 – Berton Roueché, American writer (b. 1910)
- April 29 – Russell Kirk, American political philosopher (b. 1918)
- April 30 – Roland Ratzenberger, Austrian Formula One driver (b. 1960)
- Unknown date – Francis Bell, Australian actor (b. 1944)
May
- May 1 – Ayrton Senna, Brazilian Formula One driver (b. 1960)
- May 5 – Joe Layton, American director and choreographer (b. 1931)
- May 7 – Clement Greenberg, American art critic (b. 1909)
- May 8 – George Peppard, American actor (b. 1928)
- May 10 – John Wayne Gacy, American serial killer (b. 1942)
- May 12 – Erik Erikson, Danish-American developmental psychologist (b. 1902)
- May 12 – John Smith, Scottish politician (b. 1938)
- May 15 – Royal Dano, American actor (b. 1922)
- May 15 – Gilbert Roland, Mexican-born actor (b. 1905)
- May 16 – Alain Cuny, French actor (b. 1908)
- May 19 – Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis, First Lady of the United States (b. 1929)
- May 19 – Henry Morgan, American comedian (b. 1915)
- May 21 – Johan Hendrik Weidner, Belgian World War II resistance fighter (b. 1912)
- May 29 – Erich Honecker, leader of East Germany (b. 1912)
June
- June 2 – David Stove, Australian philosopher (b. 1927)
- June 4 – Peter Thorneycroft, British politician (b. 1909)
- June 4 – Massimo Troisi, Italian actor (b. 1953)
- June 6 – Barry Sullivan, American actor (b. 1912)
- June 7 – Dennis Potter, English dramatist (b. 1935)
- June 9 – Jan Tinbergen, Dutch economist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1903)
- June 12 – Menachem Mendel Schneerson, the Lubavitcher Rebbe (b. 1902)
- June 12 – Nicole Brown Simpson, ex-wife of O.J. Simpson (b. 1959)
- June 12 – Ronald Goldman, friend of Nicole Brown Simpson (b. 1968)
- June 13 – K. T. Stevens, American actress (b. 1919)
- June 14 – Henry Mancini, American composer and arranger (b. 1924)
- June 15 – Kristen Pfaff, American bassist (b. 1967)
- June 20 – Jay Miner, American computer pioneer (b. 1932)
- June 29 – Kurt Eichhorn, German conductor (b. 1908)
July
- July 1 – Dominic Lucero, American actor anddancer (b. 1967)
- July 3 – Lew Hoad, Australian tennis champion (b. 1934)
- July 7 – Friedrich August Freiherr von der Heydte, German Luftwaffe Officer (b. 1907)
- July 7 – Cameron Mitchell, American actor (b. 1918)
- July 8 – Dick Sargent, American actor (b. 1930)
- July 8 – Kim Il-sung, President of North Korea (b. 1912)
- July 11 – Gary Kildall, American computer inventor (b. 1942)
- July 14 – César Tovar, Venezuelan baseball player (b. 1940)
- July 17 – Jean Borotra, French tennis champion (b. 1898)
- July 23 – Lennox Sebe, President of Ciskei bantustan (b. 1926)
- July 29 – Dorothy Hodgkin, British chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1910)
August
- August 6 – Domenico Modugno, Italian singer, songwriter, actor and politician (b. 1928)
- August 7 – Larry Martyn, comedy actor (b. 1934)
- August 11 – Peter Cushing, English actor (b. 1913)
- August 13 – Elias Canetti, Bulgarian-born writer, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1905)
- August 17 – Jack Sharkey, American boxer (b. 1902)
- August 18 – Richard Laurence Millington Synge, English chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1914)
- August 19 – Linus Pauling, American chemist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry and Peace (b. 1901)
- August 21 – Anita Lizana, Chilean tennis champion (b. 1915)
- August 21 – Michael Peters, American choreographer (b. 1948)
- August 30 – Lindsay Anderson, British film director (b. 1923)
September
- September 5 – Shimshon Amitsur, Israeli mathematician and Israel Prize recipient (b. 1921)
- September 6 – Nicky Hopkins, British musician (b. 1944)
- September 7 – James Clavell, British writer (b. 1921)
- September 7 – Dennis Morgan, American actor and singer (b. 1908)
- September 7 – Terence Young, American film director (b. 1915)
- September 11 – Jessica Tandy, English actress (b. 1909)
- September 12 – Tom Ewell, American actor (b. 1909)
- September 12 – Boris Yegorov, Russian cosmonaut (b. 1937)
- September 15 – Moana Pozzi, Italian porn actress (b. 1961)
- September 15 – Mark Stevens, American actor (b. 1916)
- September 16 – Jack Dodson, American actor (b. 1931)
- September 17 – Vitas Gerulaitis, American tennis champion (b. 1954)
- September 17 – Karl Popper, Austrian and British philosopher (b. 1902)
- September 20 – Abioseh Nicol, Sierra Leonean diplomat, UN official and author (b. 1924)
- September 20 – Jule Styne, British-born songwriter (b. 1905)
- September 26 – Louis Ferdinand, Prince of Prussia (b. 1907)
- September 30 – André Michel Lwoff, French microbiologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (b. 1902)
October
- October 2 – Harriet Nelson, American actress (b. 1909)
- October 3 – Tim Asch, Anthropologist, photographer and ethnographic filmmaker (b. 1932)
- October 3 – Dub Taylor, American actor (b. 1907)
- October 7 – Niels Kaj Jerne, English immunologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (b. 1911)
- October 14 – Emil Gilels, Russian pianist (b. 1916)
- October 19 – Martha Raye, American actress (b. 1916)
- October 20 – Sergei Bondarchuk, Russian film director (b. 1920)
- October 20 – Burt Lancaster, American actor (b. 1913)
- October 21 – Benoît Régent, French actor (b. 1953)
- October 24 – Raul Julia, Puerto Rican actor (b. 1940)
- October 25 – Mildred Natwick, American actress (b. 1905)
- October 29 – Shlomo Goren, Israeli Chief Rabbi (b. 1918)
November
- November 1 – Noah Beery, Jr., American actor (b. 1913)
- November 4 – Fred "Sonic" Smith, American guitarist (b. 1949)
- November 5 – Johan Heyns, Afrikaner theologian and critic of Apartheid (b. 1928)
- November 9 – Priscilla Morrill, American actress (b. 1927)
- November 10 – Carmen McRae, American jazz singer (b. 1920)
- November 11 – Pedro Zamora, Cuban-born AIDS activist (b. 1972)
- November 12 – Wilma Rudolph, American athlete (b. 1940)
- November 13 – Motoo Kimura, Japanese geneticist (b. 1924)
- November 14 – Tom Villard, American actor (b. 1953)
- November 16 – Doris Speed, English actress (b. 1899)
- November 16 – Dino Valente, American musician (b. 1943)
- November 18 – Peter Ledger, Australian artist (b. 1945)
- November 18 – Cab Calloway, American jazz singer and bandleader (b. 1908)
- November 20 – John Lucarotti, British born television writer (b. 1926)
- November 22 – Charles Upham, New Zealand soldier, double Victoria Cross winner (b. 1908)
- November 23 – Art Barr, American professional wrestler (b. 1966)
- November 28 – Jeffrey Dahmer, American serial killer (b. 1960)
- November 28 – Buster Edwards, English Great train robber (b. 1932)
- November 30 – Lionel Stander, American actor (b. 1908)
- November 30 – Guy Debord, French Marxist theorist, writer, filmmaker (b. 1931)
December
- December 6 – Gian Maria Volonté, Italian actor (b. 1933)
- December 8 – Antonio Carlos Jobim, Brazilian composer (b. 1927)
- December 10 – Alexander Wilson, Canadian and Notre Dame athlete (b. 1905)
- December 11 – Philip Phillips, American archaeologist (b. 1900)
- December 11 – Carl Marzani, American political documentary filmmaker, author, editor and publisher (b. 1912)
- December 12 – Stuart Roosa, American astronaut (b. 1933)
- December 18 – Lilia Skala, Austrian-born actress (b. 1896)
- December 20 – Hans Herlin, German novelist (b. 1925)
- December 20 – Dean Rusk, 54th United States Secretary of State (b. 1909)
- December 23 – Sebastian Shaw, English actor (b. 1905)
- December 24 – John Boswell, American historian (b. 1947)
- December 24 – Rossano Brazzi, Italian actor (b. 1916)
- December 24 – John Osborne, English playwright (b. 1929)
- December 27 – Fanny Craddock, British television chef and restaurant critic (b. 1909)
- December 27 – J. B. L. Reyes, Filipino jurist (b. 1902)
Nobel Prizes
Templeton Prize
Fields Medal
Right Livelihood Award
See also
Notes
External links
